Vasily Makarovich Shukshin (1929 - 1974) dej nyab thoob ntuj ntawm Lavxias kab lis kev cai ua lub hnub qub ci. Rov qab rau xyoo 1958, nws tsis yog ib tus neeg tsis paub ntawv ntawm VGIK, thiab tsuas yog 15 xyoo tom qab nws cov ntawv tau luam tawm ntau lab tus, thiab cov neeg muaj npe nrov tshaj plaws sim ua yeeb yam hauv nws cov yeeb yaj kiab.
Hauv phau ntawv hais txog, thaum teev cov hauj lwm ntawm Vasily Shukshin, xinesmas yog yuav luag ib txwm tso rau thawj qhov chaw, vim hais tias ob qho tib si cov neeg mloog thiab cov khoom plig tseem ceeb tau mus rau nws meej rau kev coj ua thiab kev coj ua. Tab sis Shukshin nws tus kheej tau suav tias nws tus kheej yog tus kws sau ntawv. Txawm nyob rau lub sijhawm nws qhov kev thov siab tshaj plaws rau xinesmas, thaum, thaum lub sijhawm so thaum lub sijhawm ua yeeb yaj kiab ntawm ib zaj duab xis, nws yuav tsum ya mus rau lwm qhov txheej, nws npau suav ntawm tawm mus rau nws haiv neeg Srostki rau ib xyoos thiab tshwj xeeb rau kev sau ntawv.
Alas, nws yeej tsis tau mus ua haujlwm nyob hauv solitude. Kev noj qab haus huv, haus dej cawv, raug mob thaum tseem yau thiab me nyuam yaus, thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, lub sijhawm ua haujlwm nyuaj tshaj plaws tsis cia Shukshin cov txuj ci los qhia lawv tus kheej. Tab sis txawm li ntawm 45 xyoos nws tau muab, nws tau tswj ntau yam.
- Hauv xyoo 1929, tus tub yug thawj tus yug hauv tsev neeg Makar thiab Maria Shukshin, uas npe hu ua Vasily. Cov tsev neeg nyob hauv lub zos loj Altai ntawm Srostki. Txiv tau raug cem thaum xyoo 1930 txom nyem. Tom qab ua tsov rog, leej niam lees txim rau Vasily tias nws paub leej twg tau hais lus thuam rau nws tus txiv, tab sis nws tsis tau muab lub npe ntawm scoundrel.
- Vasily thaum tiav hluas tau poob rau xyoo rog. Yog lawm, kev ua tsov rog tsis ncav cuag Altai, tab sis nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ua tshaib plab thiab noj ib qho khoom ntawm kev ua haujlwm nyuaj. Tus kws sau ntawv hais lus zoo nyob hauv nws cov dab neeg. Hauv ib ntawm lawv, cov menyuam yaus pw tsaug zog ntawm lub rooj txawm nyob rau lub sijhawm thaum lawv niam ua noj ib hom dumplings - qhov tsis tau muaj lub siab nyiam zoo.
- Shukshin, lub sijhawm no, yog ib tus menyuam hluas uas muaj kev nyuaj. Kev tawm tsam, hooliganism, kev tsis paub qhov tsis tseeb, thiab tag nrho cov no tawm tsam cov nyom ntawm qhov kev npau taws tsis zoo rau kev ncaj ncees, txawm tias nws lub hnub nyoog. Nws tau raug cem los ntawm nws tus neeg zej zog - Vasily tau dag rau nws tus npua thiab khob tawm tus npua lub qhov muag nrog lub pob zeb. Yuav ua li cas peers tau nws, thiab tsis muaj dab tsi hais.
- Vasily tau nyiam nyeem ntawv ntau, thiab nyeem avidly txhua yam uas nyob ntawm txhais tes, piv txwv li, cov ntawv qhia ntawm Tus Kws Qhia Ntawv Lysenko. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis cuam tshuam nws lub tsev kawm kev ua tau zoo hauv ib txoj kev. Nws kawm tiav xya xyoo kawm ntawv uas muaj teeb meem nyuaj.
- Rau ib xyoos thiab ib nrab, tus txiv neej tau kawm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tsheb tsheb, uas nws tau tawm rau qee qhov tsis paub. Tsuas yog paub tias nws niam tau chim siab heev, thiab cov neeg hauv zos tau ntseeg qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm "tsis muaj txiv" - los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd lub ntees tuag tau los rau nws txiv tshiab.
- Hauv xyoo 1946, Shukshin rov tawm hauv nws lub zos qub. Ntawm no yog qhov tsis tuaj yeem nkag siab tab sis qhov xav tau nthuav tawm hauv nws phau ntawv keeb kwm. Nws raug paub tias xyoo 1947 nws tau txais haujlwm hauv Kaluga. Vasily tau ua dab tsi rau ib xyoos thiab nws tau nqa dab tsi los ntawm Siberia mus rau Kaluga? Qee tus neeg sau phau ntawv ntseeg hais tias Shukshin tau ntsib nrog cov tub sab laib thiab tso nws nrog kev nyuaj, thiab tag nrho zaj dab neeg dhau los ua cov khoom siv rau “Kalina Krasnaya”. Igor Khutsiev, uas nws txiv Marlene tua zaj duab xis "Ob Fyodors" nrog Shukshin hauv lub luag haujlwm lub npe, rov qab hais tias nws pom lub ntsej muag tattoo zoo li riam ntawm Finnish ntawm "Uncle Vasya's" sab caj npab. Tom qab, Shukshin tau nqis los ua txoj haujlwm tattoo no.
- Tom qab Kaluga, qhov uas nws tau ua haujlwm ua tes haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho tsev, Vasily tau mus rau Vladimir. Nws ua haujlwm ua tus kws kho tsheb - tseem muaj kev tswj hwm kom tau txais qee qhov kev paub ntawm lub tsev kawm txuj ci. Nws pom tau tias ua haujlwm tau zoo, txij li cov tub rog tau xa nws cov tub rog mus rau tom tsev kawm ntawv aviation. Tab sis ntawm txoj kev, tus txiv leej tub xiam tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv. Nws yog kev txaj muag rov qab mus, thiab Shukshin tau pib lub voj voog tshiab ntawm tig mus.
- Hauv nroog Butovo hauv cheeb tsam Moscow, Shukshin ua haujlwm li tus kws pleev cov neeg pleev kob ua haujlwm. Ib zaug thaum hnub so, nws tau mus rau Moscow thiab muaj kev ua yuam kev khiav mus rau hauv zaj duab xis tus thawj coj Ivan Pyriev. Pom txog nws tus phooj ywg tebchaws dhau los ntawm nws qhov kev hais lus, Py hais tau rub nws mus rau nws lub tsev mus haus tshuaj yej. Nyuam qhuav pib hauv cov nroog Vasily tau ntsib tsuas yog qhib kev tawm tsam rau "cov neeg ua liaj ua teb", tab sis ntawm no tus thawj coj nto moo caw nws mus rau nws lub tsev, thiab lwm tus neeg ua yeeb yam hnub qub Marina Ladynina ncuav dej tshuaj yej. Lub rooj sib tham, tau kawg, nkag mus rau hauv Shukshin tus ntsuj plig, vim nws tau sau dab neeg rau qee lub sijhawm thiab xav ua tus kws kos duab.
- Zoo li coob tus txiv neej nyob rau xyoo ntawd, cov tub rog, hauv nws kis, pab tub rog tau pab Shukshin nyob hauv. Lub Chernomorets seaman tau txais qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm radiotelegraph thiab npaj tau zoo rau kev kuaj mob rau chav kaum xyoo. Cov kiav txhab ntawm lub plab tau ua nyiaj them. Vim tias ntawm nws, Vasily tau tawm, vim yog nws, nws tau mus rau hauv tsev kho mob txog thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej.
- Rov qab mus rau nws lub zos haiv neeg, Vasily tau txais haujlwm ntawm tsev kawm yav tsaus ntuj thiab yuav luag ua tus thawj coj. Shukshin tau zoo heev, nws cov ntaub ntawv tau luam tawm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm hauv cheeb tsam, cov kws qhia ntawv tau raug lees txais los ua tus sib tw ua tswv cuab rau cov tswv cuab.
Nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev kawm
- Shukshin tau teem caij rau lub ntsej muag tshiab hauv nws lub neej nyob rau xyoo 1954, thaum nws tawm mus rau Moscow mus rau hauv lub Literary Institute. Nws tsis paub tias thiaj li yuav raug txais los ua ib tug kws sau ntawv, ib qho yuav tsum tau luam tawm cov haujlwm, lossis xa nws cov haujlwm rau hauv lub koom haum ua ntej, txhawm rau kom dhau qhov kev sib tw muaj tswv yim. Raws li, lawv tsis kam txais nws cov ntawv.
Ua tsis tiav alma mater
- Tau txais txoj kev tig ntawm lub rooj vag ntawm lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Tshaj Lij, Shukshin txiav txim siab los sim nws txoj hmoov ntawm VGIK. Muaj, feem ntau yuav, nws dhau lawm yuav tau ntsib qhov tsis ua haujlwm, yog tias tsis yog rau lub tshuab lim ntxiv rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tsab ntawv sau. Shukshin sau nws zoo heev, tom qab ntawd nyiam Mikhail Romm, thiab tau cuv npe hauv lub koom haum ntawm lub chaw haujlwm tswj hwm ncaj qha.
VGIK lub tsev. Shukshin - zaum
- Ntawm VGIK, tus yawg Siberian kawm nrog ntau tus thawj coj nto moo thiab ua yeeb yam yav tom ntej. Alexander Mitta rov qab hais tias Shukshin tseem tsis tau paub tias muaj ib tus thawj coj kev txawj ua haujlwm. Hauv nws qhov kev pom, muaj kev sib txuas lus txaus ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam rau kev tsim khoom.
- Sai li nws pom Shukshin, uas tseem tsis tau paub nws, taug kev ntawm Odessa, Marlen Khutsiev txiav txim siab tias tus neeg ua yeeb yam yuav nplua nws rau lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv zaj duab xis "Two Fyodors". Tus thawj coj txawm yuav tsum tawm tsam me ntsis nrog nws cov npoj yaig, tab sis Shukshin starred hauv "Fedory", thiab ua tiav heev.
Hauv zaj duab xis "Ob Fyodors"
- Ntawm qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm "Ob Fedorov" tus neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tsis tuaj yeem. Shukshin tau paub qhov tsis muaj zog rau haus cawv, tab sis lub sijhawm no nws kuj tau ua ib qho kev sib cav. Khutsiev nws tus kheej yuav tsum tau cawm tus neeg ua yeeb yam los ntawm tub ceev xwm, thiab tus thawj coj ntawm lub chaw ua haujlwm tsis xav tso Shukshin ntev ntev vim tias nws yog ib tug neeg ua yeeb yam. Kuv yuav tsum tau caw ib tug tub ceev xwm tuaj rau hauv tshav dav hlau.
- Thaum Lub Yim Hli 1958, zaj dab neeg pib ntawm V. Shukshin, ntu npe "Ob ntawm Ib Lub Tsheb", tau tshwm sim hauv No. 15 ntawm Smena magazine. Raws li Shukshin, nws xa nws cov dab neeg "hauv tus kiv cua" cov dab neeg sib txawv rau cov ntawv sib txawv, thiab thaum lawv rov qab los, nws tsuas yog hloov kho qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub hnab ntawv.
- Kev ua yeeb yaj kiab "Los ntawm Lebyazhye Qhia" Shukshin cov npoj yaig tau soj ntsuam tsis meej. Coob tus tsis nyiam tias Vasily ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv nws thesis, yog tus thawj coj thiab ua yeeb yaj kiab. Thiab rau xyoo 1961, zaj duab xis tau yooj yim. Tag nrho cov nyob ib ncig ntawm tau nrhiav rau cov ntaub ntawv tshiab ntawm kev daws teeb meem, thiab ntawm no yog zaj dab neeg ntawm cheeb tsam pawg neeg tswj hwm thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua rau kev sau qoob loo ...
- Txawm hais tias Shukshin twb yog tus neeg ua yeeb yam ncaj ncees, nws tsis muaj daim ntawv tso cai chaw nyob hauv Moscow txog rau thaum xaus xyoo 1962. Nws muaj peev xwm yuav nws cov vaj tsev nyob hauv cov peev xwb hauv xyoo 1965.
- Lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1963, Shukshin tau dhau los ua tus sau "tiag tiag" - phau ntawv tau luam tawm los ntawm cov npe "Cov Neeg Nyob Hauv Nroog", uas suav nrog tag nrho nws cov dab neeg tshaj tawm yav dhau los.
- Shukshin kev ua yeeb yam txog thawj zaj yeeb yaj kiab yog zaj yeeb yaj kiab "Xws li ib tug txiv neej nyob". Shukshin tau sau cov ntawv sau raws li nws cov dab neeg. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog ua si los ntawm Leonid Kuravlyov, nrog leej twg tus thawj coj ua phooj ywg ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab "Thaum cov ntoo tau loj". Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Shukshin tau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau tus neeg teb xov tooj Valery Ginzburg.
- Cov neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab "Xws Li Guy Nyob" tau yeej qhov khoom plig All-Union Film Festival ua yeeb yam zoo tshaj plaws thiab nqi zog Venice yog qhov yeeb yaj kiab zoo tshaj plaws rau menyuam yaus. Ob qho khoom plig ua rau tus thawj coj tsis meej - Shukshin tsis xav txog nws zaj yeeb yaj kiab tso dag.
- Txoj kev ua yeeb yaj kiab “Muaj ib tus txiv neej zoo li no” tau muab thawj zaug thiab vim li cas hauv qab no. Nws yog thawj daim duab Soviet uas lawv tau txiav txim siab los qhia thiab tham nrog cov neeg zoo tib yam ua ntej kev xauj tsev. Nws tau nyob hauv Voronezh, thiab Shukshin tau muaj kev txhawj xeeb ntau dua ntawm lub rooj sib tham no ua ntej ua yeeb yaj kiab tau qhia rau nws cov npoj yaig.
- Xyoo 1965, thawj cov ntawv nyeem tseem ceeb ntawm Vasily Shukshin tau luam tawm - cov tshiab hauv phau ntawv "The Lyubavins". Phau ntawv raug luam tawm los ntawm lub tsev luam tawm "Tus sau ntawv sau Soviet". Ua ntej rau qhov no, qhov tshiab tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv peb qhov teeb meem ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm "Siberian Lights".
- Hauv kev qhib kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm zaj duab xis "Qhov Cub Hluav Taws Xob Tej Zaum" koj tuaj yeem pom tus neeg tsim txiaj virtuoso balalaika. Nov yog tus neeg tiag tiag hu ua Fyodor Teletskikh. Nws tau nrov npe heev nyob rau hauv Altai Thaj Av uas yuav kom paub meej tias nws tuaj txog ntawm rooj tshoob, hnub tshoob hnub tau ncua. Yuav luag txhua daim yeeb yaj kiab tau ua yeeb yaj kiab hauv Shukshin cov chaw nyob hauv Altai.
- Thaum lub sijhawm pib ntawm Red Kalina, Shukshin tseem nyob hauv tsev kho mob nrog tib lub plab mob. Tab sis nws tau nthuav tawm ntawm qhov khoom plig - tsis nco qab, nyob hauv lub tsev kho mob lub tsho tshaj sab nws tau mus nkaum tom qab ib kab. Kalina Krasnaya, ntxiv rau txoj kev hlub zoo ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib, tau txais lub nqi zog tseem ceeb ntawm All-Union Zaj Duab Zaj Nkauj.
- Shukshin txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov poj niam yog cov nyom. Nws thawj zaug tau sib yuav hauv Srostki, tab sis cov neeg nyuam qhuav tsim tawm tsis kam mus rau hauv Moscow nrog tsis meej meej txoj cai txoj cai hauv chav chaw sau npe. Vasily, txhawm rau sau npe rau txoj kev sib yuav tshiab nrog Victoria Sofronova, tus ntxhais ntawm tus kws sau ntawv nrov, pov tawm cov ntawv hla tebchaws qub thiab tau txais daim ntawv tshiab, tab sis tsis muaj daim ntawv cim kev sib yuav. Qhov kev sib yuav no tseem luv, tab sis tsawg kawg Victoria muaj ib tug ntxhais. Yog lawm, qhov no tau tshwm sim thaum Vasily Makarovich twb yuav poj niam ua yeeb yam Lydia Chashchina. Qhov no tshwm sim xyoo 1964. Ib me ntsis tom qab hauv tib lub xyoo, Shukshin txoj kev sib hlub nrog Lydia Fedoseeva tsoo tawm - lawv tau ua yeeb yam hauv tib zaj yeeb yaj kiab. Rau qee lub sijhawm Shukshin nyob zoo li yog hauv ob lub tsev, tab sis tom qab ntawd nws tseem mus rau Fedoseeva. Nkawv muaj ob tus ntxhais, uas tom qab ntawd los ua neeg ua yeeb yam.
Nrog Lydia Fedoseeva-Shukshina thiab cov ntxhais
- Vasily Shukshin tuag los ntawm kev mob plawv nres rau lub Kaum Hlis 2, 1974. Nws tau nyob ntawm pawg neeg zaj yeeb yaj kiab "Lawv Xav rau Motherland", ib feem ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab nyob ntawm lub nkoj dej. Shukshin thiab nws tus phooj ywg Georgy Burkov - lawv cov cabins tau nyob ze - mus pw ntxov thaum hmo ntuj ua ntej. Thaum tsaus ntuj Shukshin tau sawv thiab woke Burkov - nws lub siab mob. Ntawm cov tshuaj, tshwj tsis yog rau validol thiab Zelenin cov tee, tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi ntawm lub nkoj. Shukshin zoo li tau poob pw tsaug zog, thiab tag kis sawv ntxov Burkov pom nws tuag lawm.
- Tom qab Shukshin txoj kev tuag, 160,000 cov ntawv ntawm kev sib koom siab tau los ntawm cov neeg nyeem cov ntawv xov xwm thiab cov ntawv xov xwm. Ntau tshaj 100 cov lus paj huam txog kev tuag Vasily Makarovich tau luam tawm.
- Ntau txhiab leej neeg tuaj koom kev pam tuag ntawm tus kws sau ntawv zoo nkauj, tus thawj coj thiab ua yeeb yam ntawm lub Kaum Hlis 6. Ntau tus nqa twigs ntawm liab viburnum, uas tsis tsuas yog npog tag lub ntxa, tab sis kuj tseem sawv hauv ib lub toj ntawm nws.
- Hauv xyoo 1967, Shukshin tau txais Txwm Muab Daim Ntawv Tshaj Tawm Liab ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm. Ob xyoos tom qab, nws tau txais Lub Xeev Cov Nqe Zog ntawm RSFSR. Ob xyoos tom qab, Shukshin tau txais qhov khoom plig rau USSR State. Nws tau txais Lenin nqi zog posthumously
