Nyob hauv keeb kwm nruab nrab ntawm cov peev muaj qhov pom zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov qauv tsim tha xim sab hauv Lavxias - Moscow Kremlin. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm cov kws kes duab vajtse yog nws txoj kev ua kom muaj zog, muaj cov phab ntsa hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib daim duab peb sab nrog nees nkaum tus yees.
Lub tsev tau txhim tsa nyob nruab nrab ntawm 1485 thiab 1499 thiab yog zoo khaws cia rau hnub no. Ob peb lub sijhawm nws tau ua haujlwm ua qauv rau cov chaw haujlwm zoo sib xws uas tau tshwm sim hauv lwm lub nroog ntawm Russia - Kazan, Tula, Rostov, Nizhny Novgorod, thiab lwm yam. Nyob hauv cov ntsa Kremlin muaj ntau lub tsev kev cai dab qhuas thiab chaw nyob - cathedrals, palaces thiab cov tuam tsev tswj ntawm txawv eras. Lub Kremlin tau suav nrog hauv UNESCO Lub Ntiaj Teb Cov Cuab Yeej Cuab tam hauv xyoo 1990. Ua ke nrog ua ke Red Square, uas nyob rau hauv cov npe no, Kremlin feem ntau suav tias yog Moscow lub ntsiab kev nyiam.
Cov Tsev Teev Ntuj Cathedral ntawm Moscow Kremlin
Tus txheej txheem ua yeeb yam hauv tsev yog tsim los ntawm peb lub tuam tsev, hauv plawv nws muaj Kev Mus Thim Ntuj Cathedral... Keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tau pib xyoo 1475. Nws yog lub tsev qub ua tau siv tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws ntawm txhua lub Tsev Kremlin.
Thaum pib, kev tsim kho nyob rau hauv 1326-1327 nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Ivan I. Tom qab ua tiav ntawm kev tsim kho, lub tsev teev ntuj tau ua haujlwm ua lub tsev teev ntuj hauv lub nroog ntawm Metropolitan ntawm Moscow, uas tau teeb tsa nyob rau ntawm tus thawj ntawm tam sim no Patriarchal Palace.
Thaum xyoo 1472, tam sim no lub tuam tsev raug puas ntsoog tag raug rhuav tshem, thiab tom qab ntawd ua lub tsev tshiab nyob hauv nws qhov chaw. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau vau rau lub Tsib Hlis 1474, tej zaum vim muaj av qeeg lossis vim ua yuam kev hauv kev tsim kho. Qhov kev sim tshiab ntawm kev txhawb siab tau tsim los ntawm Grand Duke Ivan III. Nws tau nyob hauv lub tsev teev hawm no uas tau thov cov lus thov ua ntej phiaj xwm tseem ceeb, vaj ntxwv tau tsa thiab nce mus rau qib poj koob yawg koob.
Lub tsev teev ntuj Archangel mob siab rau Archangel Michael, cov neeg dawb huv ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm Lavxias, tau tsim tsa xyoo 1505 ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm tib lub npe hauv 1333. Nws tau tsim los ntawm Italian tus kws kes duab vajtse Aloisio Lamberti da Montignana. Cov qauv kos duab ua ke ua ke txoj kev cai dab qhuas Qub Lavxias thiab kev coj ua ntawm Italian Renaissance.
Lub tsev teev ntuj Blagoveshchensky nyob rau yav qab teb kawg nkaus ntawm lub xwmfab. Hauv 1291 lub tsev teev ntuj ntoo tau tsim tsa ntawm no, tab sis ib xyoo pua tom qab nws tau hlawv thiab tau hloov lub tsev teev ntuj zeb. Lub pob zeb dawb lub tuam tsev muaj cuaj dos tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj kev ncaj ncees thiab npaj rau tsev neeg ua kab ke.
Lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm tsev teev ntuj: 10:00 txog 17:00 (kaw rau hnub Thursday). Ib daim pib nkaus rau kev mus ntsib yuav raug nqi 500 rubles rau cov neeg laus thiab 250 rubles rau menyuam yaus.
Palaces thiab ntau ntau ntawm Moscow Kremlin
- Yawg Kremlin Palace - Cov no yog ob peb lub tsev sawv cev rau ntiaj teb, tsim nyob rau ntau tiam neeg thiab ua haujlwm ua tsev rau Lavxias lub rooj sib txig thiab tsars, thiab hauv peb lub sijhawm rau cov thawj tswj hwm.
- Terem Palace - lub tsev muaj tsib-ជាន់, dai kom zoo nrog cov tsiaj ntawv zoo nkauj thiab chaw saum ru tsev.
- Patriarchal Palace - lub tsev tsim tsa ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, tau tshwj tseg cov qauv kos npe tsis tshua muaj vaj tsev ntawm kev tsim kho vaj tse nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej nthuav tawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, khoom noj zoo nkauj, duab kos duab, khoom ntawm kev yos hav zoov. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws iconostasis ntawm Ascension Monastery, rhuav tshem thaum xyoo 1929, tau ciaj sia.
- Senate Palace - ib tug peb-storey tsev ua nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov neoclassical style. Thaum xub thawj, lub palace tau txiav txim siab ua qhov chaw nyob rau Senate, tab sis nyob rau peb lub sijhawm nws tshwm sim raws li nruab nrab ua haujlwm sawv cev ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Russia.
Ntawm cov chaw muaj npe hauv Moscow Kremlin, cov fab xwm nram qab no yuav tsum raug sau tseg:
Moscow Kremlin yees
Phab ntsa yog 2235 meters ntev, lawv qhov siab kawg yog 19 meters, thiab cov tuab ncav 6,5 meters.
Muaj 20 lub thaiv tiv thaiv uas zoo sib xws hauv cov qauv kos duab. Peb lub kaum pob zeb muaj lub hauv paus cylindrical, lwm qhov 17 yog plaub sab.
Vaj Peb Leeg yog qhov siab tshaj plaws, nce siab 80 meters siab.
Tsawg - Kutafya pej thuam (13.5 meters) nyob sab nraum phab ntsa.
Plaub lub tsev muaj chaw nkag:
Cov ncov ntawm cov 4 tus yees, uas suav hais tias yog tshwj xeeb zoo nkauj, tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov xim liab liab ruby hnub qub ntawm lub caij nyoog Soviet.
Lub moos ntawm Spasskaya Tower ua ntej pom nyob rau xyoo pua 15, tab sis tau kub hnyiab thaum xyoo 1656. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 9, 1706, lub nroog hnov cov suab nrov hais thawj zaug, uas tshaj tawm ib teev tshiab. Txij thaum ntawd los, ntau qhov xwm txheej tau tshwm sim: kev sib ntaus sib tua, lub nroog tau hloov npe, cov nroog tau hloov pauv, tab sis cov suab nrov nrov ntawm Moscow Kremlin tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb chronometer ntawm Russia.
Ivan Lub tswb nrov loj
Tswb pej thuam (81 meters siab) yog lub tsev siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv pawg Kremlin. Nws tau tsim ntawm 1505 thiab 1508 thiab tseem ua haujlwm rau nws lub luag haujlwm rau peb lub tsev teev ntuj uas tsis muaj lawv lub tswb lub tswb - Arkhangelsk, Kev Xav thiab Kev Tshaj Tawm.
Nyob ze, muaj lub tsev teev ntuj me me ntawm St. John, nyob qhov twg lub npe cua daj cua dub thiab cov xwm txheej tuaj ntawm. Nws tshwm sim los txog rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 16, ces tsaus muag thiab txij thaum ntawd los tau poob qis.
Faceted Chamber
Lub Faceted Chamber yog lub rooj noj mov loj ntawm cov tub huabtais Moscow tus thawj coj; nws yog lub tsev qub tshaj plaws nyob ib puag ncig hauv lub nroog. Tam sim no nws yog lub tsev so ua nom rau Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Russia, yog li nws tau kaw rau kev tawm mus ncig.
Lub Npab Npab Thiab Pob Zeb Nyiaj
Chav hauv tsev tau tsim los ntawm txoj cai ntawm Peter I kom khaws riam phom tau hauv kev ua tsov rog. Kev tsim kho tau rub tawm, pib rau xyoo 1702 thiab xaus nkaus rau xyoo 1736 vim teeb meem nyiaj txiag. Xyoo 1812 chav cua tau tawg rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tawm tsam Napoleon, nws tau rov tsim dua thaum xyoo 1828. Tam sim no Armory yog lub tsev khaws puav pheej, uas tuaj yeem tuaj xyuas txhua hnub ntawm lub lim tiam txij thaum 10:00 txog 18:00, tshwj tsis yog hnub Thursday. Tus nqi pib rau cov neeg laus yog 700 rubles, rau cov menyuam nws yog pub dawb.
Ntawm no tsis yog tsuas yog cov khoom pov thawj ntawm cov caj npab ua lag luam, tab sis kuj yog Pob Nyiaj Diamond. Qhov teeb meem tas mus li ntawm Lub Xeev Pob Zeb Nyiaj Pab ua ntej tau qhib hauv Moscow Kremlin thaum xyoo 1967. Cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiab cov pob zeb muaj nuj nqi tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no, feem ntau ntawm lawv tau muab txhaws tom qab Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj Kev Tawm Tsam Rov Qab. Sijhawm qhib - thaum 10:00 txog 17:20 nyob rau ib hnub twg tshwj tsis yog hnub Thursday. Koj yuav tsum tau them 500 rubles rau daim pib rau cov neeg laus, 100 rubles rau daim pib rau menyuam yaus.
Ob lub pob zeb diamond ntawm cov khoom tsim nyog tau txais tshwj xeeb mloog, raws li lawv koom nrog cov qauv nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lub pov haum no hauv lub ntiaj teb:
- Pob zeb diamond "Orlov" nyob rau hauv lub scepter ntawm Catherine II.
- Pob zeb diamond "Shah", uas Tsar Nicholas Kuv tau txais hauv 1829 los ntawm Persia.
Peb tawm tswv yim rau koj saib ntawm Kolomna Kremlin.
10 nthuav tawm qhov tseeb hais txog cov Moscow Kremlin
- Nws tsis yog tsuas yog qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv nruab nrab lub tebchaws nyob hauv tebchaws Russia xwb, tabsis tseem muaj cov khoom loj tshaj plaws nyob rau txhua lub tebchaws Europe. Tau kawg, muaj ntau ntau cov qauv zoo li no, tab sis Moscow Kremlin yog tib qho tseem siv.
- Kremlin phab ntsa tau dawb. Cov phab ntsa tau txais lawv cov cib liab liab thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19. Txhawm rau pom Cov Dawb Kremlin, saib rau kev ua haujlwm los ntawm 18 los yog 19th xyoo pua cov kws ua yeeb yam xws li Pyotr Vereshchagin lossis Alexei Savrasov.
- Liab Square tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog xim liab. Lub npe los ntawm cov lus Lavxias qub rau "liab", uas txhais tau tias zoo nkauj, thiab tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi ntawm cov xim ntawm cov tuam tsev uas peb tam sim no paub tau dawb kom txog rau thaum xyoo pua puv 19.
- Cov hnub qub ntawm Moscow Kremlin yog eagles. Thaum lub sijhawm Tsarist Tebchaws Russia, plaub lub Tsev Tub Rog Kremlin tau tsa nrog ob lub taub hau eagles, uas yog lub tsho npab ntawm Lavxias txij li xyoo pua 15. Xyoo 1935, tsoomfwv Soviet tau hloov chaw hloov chaw eagles, uas tau yaj tag thiab hloov mus nrog tsib lub hnub qub uas peb pom niaj hnub no. Lub hnub qub thib tsib ntawm Vodovzvodnaya Tower tau txuas ntxiv tom qab.
- Lub tsev pheeb suab ntawm Kremlin muaj npe. Ntawm 20 Lub Tsev Kiab Tos Tshab, tsuas yog ob qho tsis muaj lawv lub npe.
- Lub Tsev Kremlin yog khov kho teeb tsa. Qab ntawm 2235-meter Kremlin phab ntsa muaj 5 lub xwm fab xwm meem thiab 18 lub tsev, ntawm cov neeg nyiam tshaj yog Spasskaya Tower, Ivan Great Great Tower, Assumption Cathedral, Trinity Tower thiab Terem Palace.
- Lub nroog Moscow Kremlin tau ua tsis raug puas ntsoog thaum muaj Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Thib Ob. Thaum muaj tsov rog, Kremlin tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas zoo li lub tsev thaiv. Lub tsev ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj thiab tus pej thuam ntsuab nto moo tau pleev xim grey thiab xim av, feem, cov qhov rooj tsis ncaj thiab lub qhov rais tau txuas rau ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm Kremlin, thiab Red Square tau nrawm nrog cov txheej txheem ntoo.
- Lub Kremlin yog nyob rau hauv Guinness Phau Ntawv Sau Tseg. Hauv Moscow Kremlin, koj tuaj yeem pom lub ntiaj teb lub tswb nrov tshaj plaws thiab lub ntiaj teb loj tshaj plaws. Xyoo 1735, lub tswb 6.14 meter tau ua los ntawm cov hlau thaiv, Tsar Cannon hnyav 39.312 tons tau ploj hauv 1586 thiab tsis tau siv hauv kev ua rog.
- Cov hnub qub ntawm Kremlin ib txwm ci. Nyob rau hauv 80 xyoo ntawm nws cov tshwm sim, lub teeb pom kev zoo ntawm Kremlin cov hnub qub tau muab tua ob zaug. Thawj thawj zaug yog thaum Ntsuj Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 2 Thaum Kremlin muab zais cia kom zais tsis pub nws pom ntawm neeg sib foob pob. Qhov thib ob lub sijhawm lawv tau ua tsis taus rau zaj yeeb yaj kiab. Tus thawj coj Oscar-yeej tus thawj coj Nikita Mikhalkov tau ua yeeb yaj kiab rau Siberian Barber.
- Lub Kremlin moos muaj qhov sib txawv zais cia. Cov lus qhia zais ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm Kremlin moos cia nyob hauv peb txhais taw. Lub moos txuas nrog lub moos tswj kav hauv Sternberg Astronomical Lub Koom Haum ntawm xaim xaim.
