Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin yog daim npav tuaj saib ntawm Nizhny Novgorod. Nws yog ob qho tib si zoo sib xws thiab tsis zoo ib yam li nws tus Kazan, Novgorod, Moscow cov neeg sib koom ua ke: nws yog qhov loj dua lub Kazan Kremlin, tsis muaj txoj haujlwm tsawg dua thiab pom dua li Moscow ib.
Qhov no monument ntawm medieval architecture sawv ntawm Dyatlovy Roob. Los ntawm lawv cov saum, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Oka thiab Volga yog pom meej. Tej zaum, nws yog qhov pom tau hais tias nyiam Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich, uas tau xaiv qhov chaw rau lub nroog tshiab hauv thaj av Mordovian. Nws yog qhov nthuav tias Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin tau "rov qab" peb zaug, keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim yog ntev thiab nyuaj: ua ntej nws tau ua ntoo, tom qab ntawd ua pob zeb, thiab thaum kawg, nws tau rov tsim dua hauv cib. Lub tsev ntoo tau muab tso rau xyoo 1221, lub pob zeb ib ntawm 1370 (tus pib ntawm kev tsim kho yog Dmitry Donskoy tus yawm txiv), thiab tus cib pib pib thaum 1500.
Monument rau V. Chkalov thiab Chkalovskaya Stairs ntawm Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin
Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los pib tshawb txog Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin los ntawm monument mus rau V. Chkalov, cov kws tsav dav hlau uas tau yug los rau ntawm thaj av Nizhny Novgorod. Nws yog nws thiab nws cov phooj ywg uas ib zaug ua lub cim rau America dhau ntawm North Ncej.
Los ntawm kev saib lub lawj ze ntawm lub tsev loj, qhov pom kev pom ntawm Chkalovskaya ntaiv qhib. Nws yog tej zaum txawm paub zoo dua li Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Tus ntaiv tau txhim tsa thaum xyoo 1949 thiab keeb kwm ris lub npe ntawm Stalingrad (hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Tsov Rog ntawm Stalingrad). Los ntawm txoj kev, cov neeg nyob hauv lub nroog thiab ntes cov neeg German tau tsim nws los ntawm txoj kev ntawm "cov neeg tsim kho". Lub staircase zoo li daim duab yim thiab muaj 442 cov kauj ruam (thiab yog tias koj suav qib ntawm ob sab ntawm daim duab yim, koj tau txais daim duab ntawm 560 qib). Nws nyob ntawm Chkalovskaya cov ntaiv uas tau txais cov duab zoo tshaj plaws hauv lub nroog.
Kremlin yees
Pej thuam George... Nws yog qhov yooj yim kom ncav cuag nws los ntawm Chkalov monument. Tam sim no nws yog tus pej thuam huab cua ntawm Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, thiab ib zaug nws yog lub rooj vag, tab sis twb tau 20 xyoo tom qab pib kev tsim kho, cov hlau ua kom muaj kev cia siab poob qis thiab cov kab ntawv raug kaw. Kev tsim kho pib xyoo 1500, kev ua haujlwm raug tswj hwm los ntawm nto moo Italian Peter Fryazin lossis Pietro Francesco, uas tuaj rau Nizhny Novgorod los ntawm Moscow ncaj qha los ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm Moscow Kremlin.
Lub tsev tau txais nws lub npe nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm lub tsis tau tshwj xeeb lub rooj vag lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. George lub yeej xwb. Yog tias koj saib ze ze, nws tau pom tseeb tias tam sim no cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tsis pom tag nrho cov pej thuam, tab sis tsuas yog nws lub siab. Qhov qis qis tau dhau los thaum lub caij ua haujlwm ntawm Chkalovskaya cov ntaiv.
Lub tsev teev ntuj tau tshaj plaw zoo nkauj kawg. Ntawm no, thaum pib ntawm 20 caug xyoo, cov cim kab ke thaum ub (piv txwv li Odigitria Smolenskaya) thiab txoj moo zoo tau khaws cia.
Kuj tseem muaj version ntawm cov keeb kwm ntawm lub npe: qee tus ntseeg tias nws yog npe tom qab tus tsim lub nroog, Vaj Ntxwv Yuri Vsevolodovich, hauv Orthodoxy George. Tej zaum, tsis deb ntawm qhov chaw uas Georgievskaya tam sim no sawv, hauv 1221 muaj "tus pej thuam taug kev" ntawm tus tub huabtais.
Arsenalnaya (Hmoov) Ntauwd thiab Prolomnye Rooj Vag... Ntxiv mus, txhua tus neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws mus rau Prolomny cov rooj vag, uas tsis nyob deb ntawm Arsenal Tower. Lub npe ntawm cov pej thuam no ntawm Nizhniy Novgorod Kremlin tsis xav tau kev piav qhia, arsenals tau nyob ntawm no tau ntev: riam phom, phom phom, cannonballs thiab lwm yam "khoom" tseem ceeb thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tub rog tau khaws cia.
Tsis deb ntawm Prolomnye Rooj Vag yog tus tswv xeev lub loog, tsim xyoo 1841 los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Nicholas I. Ib zaug dhau ib lub sijhawm, nws tau tswj hwm los ntawm A. N. Muravyov, tus qub neeg Mismbrist uas raug tshem tawm mus rau Siberia thiab rov qab los ntawm qhov ntawd. Nws yog Alexander Nikolaevich uas tau qhia txog Alexander Dumas, tus tuaj txog Nizhny Novgorod, nrog I. Annenkov thiab nws tus pojniam, tus poj niam P. Gebl (I. Annenkov yog tus neeg vwmmbrist uas raug tshem tawm hauv tebchaws Siberia, Gebl yog nws tus pojniam ib txwm muaj, uas tau tawm rau nws, uas tomqab los ua ib tus heroines. paj huam los ntawm A. Nekrasov "Lavxias poj niam". Zaj dab neeg kev hlub ntawm ob tus neeg no ua rau tus neeg sau ntawv txaus siab, thiab nws tau ua rau lawv tus phab ej ntawm nws cov ntawv sau ntxiv "Cov Kws Fencing Txij li xyoo 1991, Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Kos Duab tau nyob hauv Tus Tswv Tsev Tsev.
Dmitrievskaya ntauwd... Qhov loj tshaj plaws thiab zoo nkauj muaj kuab heev. Nws tseem yog central. Npe rau kev hwm ntawm St. Dmitry Thessaloniki. Lub tsev teev ntuj, fij nws lub npe, nyob rau theem qis ntawm tus pej thuam. Hmoov tsis zoo, nyob rau 18 xyoo pua nws tau npog nrog lub ntiaj teb thiab ploj, tab sis nws tau rov tsim dua nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 thiab lub tsev cia puav pheej tau tsim nyob hauv cov tsev siab kawg.
Kev ncig xyuas ntawm Kremlin phab ntsa pib los ntawm Dmitrievskaya Tower. Muaj sijhawm los ncig nws, kawm keeb kwm, mloog cov lus tshaj tawm hais txog thaj av Nizhny Novgorod. Qhov ncig saib tuaj yeem nqa thaum 10:00 txog 20:00 (Tsib Hlis txog Kaum Ib Hlis).
Storeroom thiab Nikolskaya yees... Lawv yog cov me dua Dmitrievskaya, tab sis lawv zaj dab neeg tsis muaj kev nthuav dav. Lub pantry yog ib zaug tsev rau khoom uas cov zaub mov thiab dej tau khaws cia, uas yuav xav tau thaum muaj kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.
Tus pantry yog puag ncig, dhau nws cov keeb kwm ntev nws tau hloov ntau lub npe: Alekseevskaya, Tverskaya, Tseikhgauznaya.
Nikolskaya muaj npe tom qab lub koom txoos qub uas tau ploj hauv 17th-18th centuries. Hauv xyoo 2015, Nikolskaya Lub Koom Txoos hauv Pskov-Novgorod style lub tsev yog tsim tsa tau ze ntawm Nikolsky Rooj Vag.
Koromyslov ntauwd... Cov lus dab neeg uas txaus siab yog sib txuas nrog cov pej thuam nyob sab qab teb hnub poob ntawm Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, uas qhia txog yuav ua li cas tus poj niam Nizhny Novgorod tus poj niam tau "tso" ob tus yeeb ncuab sab nraud nrog tus quab. Lawm, tus ntxhais tuag, thiab cov neeg nyob hauv Nizhny Novgorod, uas tau dhau los ua yeeb ncuab tsoo, muab faus rau nws nrog kev hwm hauv qab ntsa laj kab. Muaj ib lub monument nyob ze ntawm nws cov phab ntsa, uas qhia txog ib tug ntxhais uas muaj ib tug quab.
Taynitskaya ntauwd... Muaj ib zaug muaj kev zais ntsiag to ntawm nws mus rau Pochayna River. Lub chaw tiv thaiv lub sijhawm ntawd muaj kev zais zais rau hauv dej kom cov tiv thaiv tsis tuag txoj kev tuag. Cov pej thuam no tseem muaj lwm lub npe - Mironositskaya ntawm ntsuab. Qhov pom zoo ntawm cov tuam tsev qhib ntawm sab saum toj: Alexander Nevsky, Eliyas tus Yaj Saub, Kazan Icon ntawm Vajtswv Niam.
North pej thuam... Nws muaj qhov zoo saib ntawm lub hav dej, lub xwmfab "Skoba" (niaj hnub National Unity), lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kev Ua Neej ntawm John the Baptist, sawv ntawm lub qub Lower Posad. Muaj cov lus dab neeg raws li uas nws tau tsa rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm txoj kev tuag ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj Tatar, uas tau sim coj Nizhny Novgorod.
Moos ntauwd... Nov yog ib qho ntawm lub tsev nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Ib zaug muaj lub sijhawm "kev sib ntaus sib tua lub sijhawm", uas yog, lub sijhawm hloov siab, lub tshuab tswj tau los ntawm tus saib xyuas tshwj xeeb. Thiab tus xov tau raug faib tsis yog 12, tab sis rau 17 qhov chaw. Hmoov tsis zoo, ob lub moos thiab lub tshuab tam sim no tau ploj, tab sis tus pej thuam tseem pom zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub tsev ntoo lub tsev pheeb suab. Muaj ib zaug muaj kev hla dhau ntawm North thiab Moos Towers, dhau ntawd txoj kev lom zem mus. Nws tau yooj yim rau Nizhniy Posad ntawm nws. Thawj qhov tshwj xeeb tau tsim tsa thaum xyoo 1896.
Pej thuam Ivanovskaya... Qhov no yog tus pej thuam ntau tshaj plaws hauv Kremlin, thiab ntau tus neeg sau keeb kwm ntseeg tias nws yog los ntawm qhov ntawd tias nws qhov kev tsim kho pib. Ntau tus hais thiab dab neeg cuam tshuam nrog nws, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tsis yog qhov no, tab sis qhov tseeb tias nws tau nyob ze nws cov phab ntsa, ntawm pawg neeg Ivanovo, tias Kuzma Minin tau nyeem rau cov neeg ntawm Nizhny Novgorod cov ntawv ntawm Patriarch Hermogenes, uas tau tuag ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis hauv cov Poles ntawm Moscow. Cov xwm txheej no tau dhau los ua qhov pib rau kev daws dim ntawm Russia thiab tom qab kawg ntawm Lub Sij Hawm. Qhov xwm txheej no tau piav qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab los ntawm K. Makovsky "Minin Cov Kev Thov rau Nizhny Novgorod", uas tam sim no hauv Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm lub nroog.
Ntauwd Dawb... Tsis yog ib tus neeg ncig xyuas tebchaws tau xam seb yuav ua li cas thiaj tau mus txog. Peb tuaj yeem hais tias qhov no yog qhov kev thov Kremlin nyuaj. Lub npe yog vim qhov tseeb tias nws tau ua tsis yog pob zeb liab, tab sis dawb limestone. Ib zaug tag nrho Nizhniy Novgorod Kremlin yog xim dawb, tab sis cov xim pleev xim tau ntev txij li poob los ntawm phab ntsa.
Ntawm cov kws tshaj lij uas paub lwm lub npe, Simeonovskaya, muaj kev xav tias lub npe "dawb" cuam tshuam nrog qhov tseeb tias tus pej thuam sawv ntawm hauv av uas ib zaug tau zwm rau lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Simeon lub Stylite, rhuav tshem thaum xyoo pua 18th. Cov av uas zwm rau monasteries feem ntau hu ua "dawb", uas yog, pub dawb los ntawm lub xeev cov se.
Conception thiab Borisoglebskaya yees... Ob txoj kev teeb tsa ntawm Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin tsis tau muaj sia nyob kom txog rau thaum xyoo pua 20th. Lawv tau rhuav tshem los ntawm txoj kev tsaws av. Hauv lub xyoo pua XX, thaum kev tsim kho ntawm Kremlin pib, cov pej thuam pib rov ua dua, sim muab lawv cov ntsej muag zoo li qub. Kev ua haujlwm txum tim rov qab tau mus rau ntau dua 60 xyoo thiab, txawm tias muaj kev nyuaj, Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin tau txais kev cawm dim ntawm kev rhuav tshem.
Ib qho lus dab neeg txuas nrog Belaya thiab Zachatskaya. Nws muaj txoj kev hlub ntawm qee yam Danilo Volkhovets rau Nastasya Gorozhanka, thiab kev khib ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse Giovanni Tatti, thiab tua neeg ntawm ib leeg los ntawm cov neeg khib. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, lub Tuam Tsev Dawb tau tsa rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Daniel lub ntxa, thiab ib lub pob liab liab, Zachatyevskaya, tau teeb tsa ntawm qhov chaw uas Tatti raug faus.
Sab Hauv Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin: dab tsi pom
Lwm Lub Rooj Vag Prolomnye yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm Ivanovskaya thiab Moos Tower. Los ntawm lawv koj tuaj yeem mus rau thaj chaw ze ntawm Kremlin. Muaj ntau ntau yam sib txawv ntawm cov vaj tsev sab hauv, tab sis muaj ob peb qhov tiag tiag, cov tuam tsev tseeb. Nws tsim nyog them rau:
Tsev khaws puav pheej thiab chaw saib
Ob peb lub tsev khaws khoom qub ua haujlwm ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin:
- "Ntauwd Dmitrievskaya" - ib qho kev ua yeeb yam qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm Kremlin (qhib: txij li 10:00 txog 17:00);
- "Ivanovskaya Ntauwd" - qhov kev nthuav qhia tau mob siab rau lub sijhawm ntawm kev daws teebmeem (qhib: ntawm 10:00 txog 17:00);
- "Conception Tower" - txhua qhov pom pom los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm qub yog nyob ntawm no (qhib: txij li 10:00 txog 20:00);
- Nikolskaya Ntauwd (soj ntsuam lawj).
Txhua lub chaw pib nres tau ua haujlwm 40 feeb ua ntej kaw cov tsev khaws khoom qub thiab chaw ua noj mov.
Tus nqi tsis nce, muaj luv nqi rau menyuam yaus thiab cov laus. Kev yees duab thiab yees duab duab nyias them nyias.
Yog tias koj xav, koj tuaj yeem yuav yuav ib daim pib mus rau Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Nws suav nrog kev mus ntsib txhua lub yees peb thiab taug kev raws phab ntsa. Rau tsev neeg, xws li daim pib yog qhov kev txuag nyiaj tiag tiag.
Lub tsev khaws khoom kos duab kuj tsim nyog tau mus ntsib. Muaj ntau dua 12 txhiab cov khoom pov thawj hauv nws sau. Cov sijhawm ua haujlwm hauv tsev khaws puav pheej: txij thaum 10:00 txog 18:00 txhua txhua hnub, tshwj hnub Monday.
Yuav ua li cas mus rau Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin
Koj tuaj yeem mus txog rau Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin los ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb hauv plawv ntawm nroog los ntawm minibuses No. 34, 134, 171, 172, 81, 54, 190, 43. Nres ntawm Minin Square, nkag los ntawm Dmitrievskaya Tower.
Koj tuaj yeem mus txog rau Kremlin mus txog Ivanovskaya thiab Northern yees los ntawm ib sab ntawm Cov Chaw Nres Tsheb, tab sis cov neeg ncig tebchaws yuav muaj qhov chaw taug kev ntxhab heev.
Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin yog qhov chaw tshwj xeeb, tsis muaj leej twg paub. Cov neeg sau keeb kwm pom zoo tias cov khoom muaj nqi tseem ceeb khaws cia hauv av. Cov chav hauv qab av, cov nqe lus, cov chav zais ntawm qhov pom - txhua qhov no yog qhov tseeb heev thiab, feem ntau yuav yog, muaj qhov chaw nyob. Tej zaum nws qhov chaw nyob ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin tias lub tsev qiv ntawv qub ntawm Sophia Paleologue lossis lub tsev qiv ntawv ntawm Ivan lub Terrible tau zais.
