Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj Mikhailovsky, lossis Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj Engineering (nws tuaj yeem hu ua txoj kev ntawd), yog ib lub tsev keeb kwm uas pom zoo tshaj plaws thiab txawv txawv hauv St. Ua tau los ntawm txoj cai ntawm huab tais Paul I, tsim kev hlub thiab ua tib zoo tsim ua lub neej yav tom ntej poj koob yawm txwv ntawm lub zog loj thiab ua cov huab tais huab tais rau lub sijhawm luv luv, Mikhailovsky Castle, lub tsev khaws puav pheej ghostly thiab monument, sawv hauv plawv heev ntawm sab qaum teb lub nroog. Nws ntsib rau Lub Vaj Caij Ntuj Sov thiab Qhov Chaw Ua Si ntawm Mars thiab nyob rau hauv taug kev deb ntawm Kev Ua Yeeb Yam Square thiab Nevsky Prospect.
Muaj ib qho version uas qhov phiaj xwm ntawm lub tsev fuabtais tau tsim los ntawm V.I.Bazhenov, tus kws tshaj lij muaj tswv yim, xav txog lub tswv yim ntawm ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem thav duab sab hauv feem ntau hauv St. Petersburg. Txawm li cas los xij, Western art keeb kwm sib cav hais tias lub tswv yim ua yeeb yam zoo yog los ntawm Italian Vincenzo Brenna, tus tsim ntawm arty palaces ntawm Pavlovsk. Tom qab tag nrho, Brenna txhim tsa Mikhailovsky Castle.
Cov qauv muaj zog no muaj qhov sib txawv heev. Nws cov style - kev nyiam romanticism - qiv los ntawm lub architecture ntawm Western Enlightenment. Thaum pib, qhov kev nyiam ua romantic hu ua qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv ntawm classicism - qhov tseem ceeb, lub tswv yim tsim nyog, thaum yav 17th - thaum ntxov 19th caug xyoo. txwv tsis pub lwm tus saib ua ntej thiab "kev zoo nkauj" ntawm lwm yam kev sib txawv - xws li Rococo. Romanticism, qhia rau hauv classicism, tsim cov haujlwm ua haujlwm ua haujlwm uas tsis tuaj yeem theej, hais txog qhov nws nyuaj rau hais tias dab tsi ntau nyob hauv lawv - kev yooj yim thiab kev txo nqi lossis qhov zoo nkauj thiab kev ua kom zoo nkauj.
Raws li cov lus dab neeg, lub tsev fuabtais tau txais nws cov xim tshwj xeeb, daj ntseg, daj ntseg liab nrog lub ntsej muag pinkish, nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm cov hnab looj tes hnav los ntawm Lopukhina, nyiam Paul Paul, uas tau tsiv mus rau lub tsev fuabtais nrog nws. Muaj lwm qhov ntawv, hnov ntxhiab ntawm cov ntawv tseeb, hais txog lwm txoj kev nyiam, grey-eyed thiab liab-plaub hau, txog tus huab tais liam tau hais nrog kev hlub: "Haus luam yeeb thiab hluav taws!" Cov pa luam yeeb grey tiav ntawm lub tsev fuabtais txig teeb tawm qhov muag xim ntawm nws cov austere fortress phab ntsa.
Lub sab nrauv thiab kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov fa facade ntawm Mikhailovsky Castle
- Tog twg los lub tsev fuabtais, lossis ib lub fortress.
- Lub cev tag.
- Facades ntawm lub tsev fuabtais.
- Ntxiv rau yav qab teb faadeade: lub monument rau kev taug kev Peter Great thiab Maple Alley.
Hauv kev pom, Mikhailovsky Tsev fuabtais zoo li cov qauv kaw nrog lub tshav puam loj, ntawm tus noog lub qhov muag pom zoo ib yam li fortress-bastion. Paul Kuv ntshai ntawm tsev hais plaub qhov kev txiav txim siab (los ntawm ib tus ntawm nws thaum kawg tuag) thiab meej pem lossis xav tau xav nkaum, los nkaum hauv ib qho chaw ruaj khov. Ib qho kev ntshai tsis txaus ntseeg, ntxiv dag zog los ntawm kev twv tsis zoo (txawm tias tus duab ntxoov ntxoo los ntawm Peter the Great tau tshwm sim rau nws, lossis tus poj niam neeg tawv ncauj), tau yuam nws tawm ntawm Lub Caij Ntuj Sov thiab txiav txim siab nyob hauv lub tsev tshiab, ua rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Lub Caij Ntuj Sov ntawm Empress Elizabeth. Yav tom ntej huab tais Paul yug nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov Palace.
Qhov kev ua kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev fuabtais tau nqa tawm los ntawm cov neeg tshaj lij tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd - Thibault thiab P. Stagi, cov kws ua yeeb yam - A. Vigi thiab D.B. Scotti thiab lwm tus. Cov khoom siv kim siv rau kev ua tiav ntawm lub faadesade tau muab lub tsev kho siab. Lub pob zeb siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho tau npaj rau St. Isaac's Cathedral.
Lub tsev ntawm Mikhailovsky Tsev Teev Ntuj tsis sib xws. Lub ntsej muag sab hnub tuaj, uas pom los ntawm cov ntug dej ntawm Fontanka, tau suav tias yog cov tsis tshua muaj siab, thaum yav qab teb yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.
Lub ntsej muag sab qaum teb, lossis lub ntsiab, lub hauv ntej ntawm lub tsev fuabtais ntsia lub Caij Ntuj Sov thiab Lub Vaj ntawm Mars. Hauv lub pas dej ntawm Lub Vaj Caij Ntuj Sov, hauv huab cua txias, koj tuaj yeem pom qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov tsev siab thiab kev tsim tsev ntawm lub tsev fuabtais. Lub tsev qaum teb tau zoo siab txais tos cov neeg tuaj saib ntawm lub tiaj tiaj uas muaj lub ntsej muag pob zeb loj.
Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm sab hnub poob ntawm Mikhailovsky Tsev fuabtais, saib dhau Txoj Kev Sadovaya, muaj lub tsev ntsuab muaj lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj nrog lub tsev teev ntuj, uas nws tau txiav txim siab los ua cov lus thov ntawm tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe. Lub tuam tsev tau txhim tsa nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm Archangel Michael, uas tau muab lub pob zeb no lub npe.
Lub tsev ntsib lub ntsej muag Fontanka dej ua ke nrog nws sab hnub tuaj. Ntawm façade muaj ib lub pob tsuas nyob hauv lub chaw thiab nruj ncaj qha rau ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm sab hnub poob (lub tsev teev ntuj nyob hauv). Nov yog Oval Hall, uas zwm rau hauv lub xeev imperial lag. Zoo li lub tsev teev ntuj, lub nqov yog hla ntawm lub pob zeb thiab lub niav ua kom zoo ib yam.
Yav qab teb façade yog clad hauv marble thiab muaj cov portico pillared, uas sawv tawm tsam ntawm keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev fuabtais loj loj raws li qhov txawv txav, tsis meej nthuav dav. Obelisks nrog knightly armor ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog ua tiav daim duab ntawm kev ua tau zoo.
Lub tuam tsev yav qab teb kuj muaj suab npe thiab pom tseeb rau qhov tseeb tias muaj ib lub mlom rau Peter I tau tsa rau pem hauv ntej. Nws yog thawj lub tuam tsev hauv St. Petersburg thiab Lavxias los piav qhia txog vaj huam sib luag ntawm cov huab tais. Nws tus qauv ua los ntawm BK Rastrelli lub sijhawm loj los ntawm Peter the Great, lub xyoo 1719 - 1720 thaum ntxov. Tom qab ntawd, plaub caug xyoo tom qab, lub monument tau pov rau hauv tooj dag, tab sis tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsum tau tos lwm plaub caug xyoo rau nws thaum kawg kav rau ntawm tus ncej puab. Ntawm tus ncej puab muaj Olonets marble kho kom zoo nkauj (nws tuaj yeem pom hauv lub tsev fuabtais nws tus kheej). Patriotic bas-reliefs piav qhia txog Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Poltava thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua zoo ntawm Cape Gangut adorn nws.
Lub dav thiab Maple Avenue dav rau sab qab teb fa facade. Thaum twg lub caij nplooj zeeg los txog rau St. Petersburg, maple nplooj, xim liab, zoo li xim ntawm cov phab ntsa, hais txog qhov kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev fuabtais. Rau sab xis thiab mus rau sab laug ntawm txoj kev alley muaj pavilions ua nyob rau hauv lig 1700s - 1800s. Lawv tus tsim ua vaj tse yog cov kws kes duab vajtse V. Bazhenov thiab tus kws puab duab puab F. G. Gordeev.
Mikhailovsky Castle: sab hauv saib
- Lub sab hauv ntawm lub tsev fuabtais rau cov neeg nyiam nyiam mus saib duab.
- Dampness thiab khoom kim heev.
- Raphael Gallery.
- Throne chav.
- Dawb nrog.
Nyob sab hauv lub tsev fuabtais muaj ntau hom marble, nrog rau ntau xim. Sculptures piav qhia Hercules thiab Flora tau khov rau ntawm lawv txoj kev taug, tsom kwm tus ntaiv loj ntawm sab qaum teb nkag. Qab nthab hauv chav yog cov xim pleev xim zoo nkauj heev.
Leej twg tuaj yeem mus ntsib Mikhailovsky Castle thiab coj cov duab nco qab hauv. Yav dhau los, kev tua tsuas yog them nyiaj, tab sis los ntawm 2016 txhua tus neeg tau tso cai thaij duab, txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj teeb eeb. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg tuaj saib pom tias teeb pom kev hauv lub tsev fuabtais yog qhov tsaus, cov duab tha xim thiab chandeliers gleam, ua rau nws nyuaj rau thaij duab.
Thaum tsiv, tus huab tais nyob hauv kev tawm tsam uas nws tsis tau tos rau qhov ua tiav ntawm txoj haujlwm tiav. Cov neeg ua yeeb yam hais tseg tias lub tsev fuabtais nrog cov phab ntsa ntub dej thiab cov ntshauv ploj ntoo ntawm cov duab zoo nkauj yog qhov ua rau lub neej puas tsuaj. Tab sis Paul Kuv tsis tau nres los ntawm dampness, nws tsuas yog yuam kom insulate nws tsev neeg lub tsev ntiav nrog ntoo. Paul Kuv tau sim them nyiaj rau qhov tsis muaj kev xav ntawm qhov tsis muaj vaj tsev nyob ntawm lub tsev huab tais nrog cov khoom kim heev ntawm sab hauv.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov chav sab hauv yog Cov Pov Hwm, Oval thiab Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj, uas tau tshwj tseg qee qhov kev ua kom zoo nkauj qub, thiab Raphael Gallery. The Raphael Gallery muaj npe heev vim tias nws tau siv dai rau cov ntaub pua plag uas cov haujlwm ntawm tus kws kos duab zoo tau theej. Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem pom cov ntawv luam ntawm cov duab tha xim los ntawm lwm qhov tseem ceeb Renaissance masters nyob ntawd.
Phab ntsa ntawm chav Pov Txwv, uas tau puag ncig lub ntsej muag, yav dhau los ua xim ntsuab nrog lub teeb ntsuab, thiab lub zwm txwv yog liab. Roman emperors nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm busts ntsia saum toj no lub qhov rooj hauv tshwj xeeb niches guarded lub nkag. Los ntawm gilding, khoom kim heev, rooj tog ntawm cov ntoo zoo nkauj thiab lwm yam kev lom zem, qee yam tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no.
Lub ntsej muag oval yog solemnly thiab magnificently dai kom zoo nkauj: bas-reliefs, cov mlom hauv cov style Italian tau muaj txoj sia nyob los txog niaj hnub no. K. Albani ua haujlwm sab hauv lub sijhawm thaum Pavlovian lub sijhawm. Cov vajtswv uas nqis los ntawm Olympus adorn lub plafond tsim los ntawm A. Vigi. Muaj tseeb, tsis yog txhua yam ntawm bas-reliefs muaj sia nyob: thaum rov kho dua tshiab tom qab tsim kho hauv lub tsev fuabtais ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv engineering, qee yam yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm.
Lub sijhawm nyob ntawm Mikhailovsky Tsev fuabtais yog qhov zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab tua neeg ntawm huab tais, nws cov khoom tseem ceeb - duab, duab puab thiab lwm yam kev kos duab - tau xa mus rau lwm lub tuam tsev: Lub caij ntuj no, Tauride, Marble. Paul tsev neeg kuv kuj tau tawm ntawm lub tsev fuabtais mus ib txhis, rov qab mus rau lawv lub qub tsev qub qub - Lub Caij Ntuj Sov.
Legends thiab duab ntxoo ntawm lub tsev fuabtais
- Kev tu siab thiab tsev pheeb suab puam.
- Cov dab Tsev Teev Ntuj Mikhailovsky.
- Cov keeb kwm txuas ntxiv ntawm Lub Tsev Kho Mob Hluav Taws Xob.
Tsev fuabtais Mikhailovsky nws muaj nws lub sijhawm zoo nkauj thiab tsis txaus ntseeg, sib cuam tshuam nrog keeb kwm ntawm lub neej thiab kev tuag ntawm nws tus tswv tsim. Xyoo 1801, thaum lub Peb Hlis 11, Vaj Ntxwv Paul Kuv raug tua pov tseg ntau heev nyob rau ntawm Mikhailovsky Castle, qhov chaw ua hauj lwm tiav tseem tab tom ua.
Lub tsev tswj fwm kev tawm tsam, uas ua rau muaj kev sib tua tsis txaus ntseeg, tshwm sim los ntawm qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tsis txaus siab nrog kev hloov kho ntawm huab tais, kev ua haujlwm hauv zej zog, uas yog los ntawm Paul I, kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm tsoomfwv, barracks kev hloov kho ntawm cov tub rog thiab lwm yam kev txiav txim siab tswj hwm. Kev koom tes nrog Napoleon, xaus lus los ntawm Paul I xyoo 1800, tau tsim kev hem thawj rau Russia ntawm tebchaws Askiv. Tej zaum huab tais tsis yuam kev: kev tsov rog nrog Fabkis, uas Russia tsis muaj kev tsis sib haum tseem ceeb ua ntej lossis tom qab, tom qab ntawd tau qhia qhov no, tab sis tom qab ntawd cov neeg tawm tsam - cov neeg txhawb nqa leej niam lig ntawm Emperor Catherine Great - xav txawv.
Tus huab tais tau sawv hauv nruab nrab ntawm hmo ntuj, thov kom tshem tawm ntawm lub zwm txwv, thiab tau teb rov qab rau qhov tsis kam, nws tau raug txoj phuam qhwv caj dab. Nws hnub nyoog muaj plaub caug rau xyoo. Lub sijhawm nyob ntev ntawm Paul I hauv Mikhailovsky Castle tau dhau los ua qhov mystical: tsuas yog plaub caug hnub, txij Lub Ob Hlis 1 txog Lub Peb Hlis 11.
Kev tsis txaus siab nrog tus huab tais tau ua kom muaj kev sib cav, cov ncha ntawm qhov uas tseem tuaj yeem ntes tau rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj thiab zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev fuabtais, qhov chaw uas lub tsev khaws khoom tam sim no nyob. Nws zoo nkaus li tias nyob rau hauv nws cov hneev qee yam kev paub tsis meej nyob rau niaj hnub no, uas tsuas yog ib pliag xwb tuaj yeem kov tau los ntawm cov neeg uas tuaj taug kev. Muaj ib zaj dab neeg hais tias Paul Kuv sawv ntawm lub qhov rooj ntawm nws chav pw ntawm txhua hnub tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj kev tuag, suav cov neeg hla dhau thiab, suav cov plaub caug-xya, nplooj, coj tus neeg tsis muaj hmoo nrog nws. Tus huab tais, uas tau tig mus ua dab, mus ncig ntawm txoj kev hauv tsev ntawm nws lub tsev fuabtais hmo ntuj, ua rau muaj kev ntshai rau cov neeg saib hmo ntuj nrog creaks thiab qaij, thiab nws tus duab ntxoo rau ntawm phab ntsa kom pom meej thaum hmo ntuj.
Cov tsis pom kev zoo uas tsis pom kev zoo coj cov lus xa mus ua haujlwm tsis txaus ntseeg rau Mikhailovsky Castle. Thiab cov tswv cuab ntawm pab pawg, suav nrog cov tsis ntseeg Vajtswv, tau sau tseg tias txog ob lub kaum zas xwm txheej tau raug sau cia hauv lub tsev fuabtais uas tsis muaj lus piav qhia los ntawm qhov pom ntawm kev tshawb fawb.
Xyoo 1820, lub tsev huab tais tsis ntev tau hloov mus rau Nikolaev Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv thiab tau hloov lub npe "Engineering Castle".
Lub tsev kawm ua haujlwm engineering tau ua tiav ntau tus tub tshaj lij ntawm Fatherland, uas tau ua pov thawj lawv tus kheej tsis yog tsim nyog siv tshuab. Yog li, ib tus neeg kawm tiav yog F. M. Dostoevsky. Hauv lub xyoo ua ntej xyoo pua kiv puag ncig, tus phab ej ntawm lub tebchaws Soviet D. Karbyshev kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm, uas tom qab ntawd tau los ua tus thawj coj sawv cev ntawm cov tub rog ua haujlwm tub rog.
Thaum Lub Caij Ua Rog Loj Patriotic, ib lub tsev kho mob tau ua haujlwm hauv Tsev Kawm Ntawv Mikhailovsky, thiab cov monument rau Peter Kuv tau faus rau hauv av kom tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev sib tsoo.
Peb pom zoo kom pom Trakai Tsev fuabtais.
Cov qhua yuav tau qhia txog txhua qhov no thaum taug kev thaum lawv tuaj txog Mikhailovsky Castle.
Yuav ua li cas mus rau hauv lub tsev fuabtais tsev fuabtais thiab thaum twg mus xyuas nws
- Qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej.
- Kev khiav haujlwm txhua limtiam.
- Tus nqi mus ntsib rau ntau pawg ntawm cov pej xeem.
- Nthuav qhia thiab nthuav dav ntxiv rau qhov program loj.
Lub chaw nyob hauv nroog yog Txoj Kev Sadovaya, 2. Nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj rau nws mus txog. Koj yuav tsum mus rau hauv chaw nres tsheb o "Nevsky Prospekt" lossis "Gostiny Dvor" (tib lub chaw nres tsheb, tsuas yog muaj kab sib txawv) thiab taug kev li kaum feeb raws Txoj Kev Sadovaya, mus rau Thaj Chaw ntawm Mars.
Lub sijhawm qhib ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej yog qhov zoo tib yam hauv txhua hnub ntawm lub lim tiam, tshwj tsis yog hnub Tuesday - tsuas yog hnub tawm - thiab hnub Thursday. Hnub Thursday, lub tsev cia puav pheej qhib rau cov neeg tuaj saib thaum 1 teev tsaus ntuj thiab kaw cov hnub qub dua li yav sawv ntxov - thaum 9 teev tsaus ntuj. Cov sijhawm qhib teev nyob rau lwm hnub yog los ntawm kaum yav sawv ntxov txog rau rau thaum yav tsaus ntuj.
Ntawm tus nqi, mus saib hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej yog muaj rau yuav luag txhua tus. Hauv 2017, tus nqi rau daim pib mus rau ntau pawg ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws qhua tau tsim tawm raws li hauv qab no. Cov neeg laus ntawm cov neeg Lavxias thiab Belarusians tau them ob puas rubles, cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov nyiaj laus them them ib puas, cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua kaum rau yog pub dawb. Tus nqi rau cov neeg laus txawv teb chaws yog peb puas rubles, rau cov tub ntxhais kawm txawv teb chaws ib puas thiab tsib caug, rau menyuam yaus - pub dawb.
Ntxiv nrog rau qhov kev ncig xyuas tseem ceeb, kev nthuav qhia ntawm Lavxias Tsev khaws puav pheej yog ntu tsis tu ncua hauv tsev fuabtais. Lawv lub sijhawm yog nyob ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm cov ntawv pov thawj tuav los ntawm Lavxias Tsev khaws puav pheej.
Cov Tsev khaws puav pheej Lavxias yog nyob ze, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm Ib Thaj Tsam Kev Ua Si, ntawm Rakov thiab Inzhenernaya txoj kev, hauv Mikhailovsky Palace. Txawm tias Petersburgers feem ntau tsis meej pem Mikhailovsky Palace thiab Mikhailovsky Castle. Hmoov tsis zoo, kev xaiv tsa los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb hauv nroog qhia tau hais tias ntau tus pej xeem coj ob qho kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev ua vaj tsev li ib!
Tseem muaj kev nthuav qhia ua ntu zus hauv lub tsev fuabtais. Lawv ob qho tib si cuam tshuam txog keeb kwm ntawm Mikhailovsky Tsev fuabtais, lossis cov neeg qhua paub txog kev nyiam kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Antiquity thiab Renaissance, echoing tus thawj Lavxias daim duab.
