Mikhail Ostrogradsky

Mikhail Vasilievich Ostrogradsky (1801-1861) - Lavxias mathematician thiab kws kho tsheb hauv keeb kwm ntawm Ukrainian, kws tshawb fawb ntawm St. Petersburg Academy ntawm Sciences, feem cuam tshuam tshaj plaws kev ua lej ntawm Lavxias teb chaws xyoo 1830-1860s.

Muaj ntau cov ntsiab lus nthuav dav nyob hauv keeb kwm ntawm Ostrogradsky, uas peb yuav tham txog hauv cov lus no.

Yog li, ua ntej koj yog luv luv ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Mikhail Ostrogradsky.

Biography ntawm Ostrogradsky

Mikhail Ostrogradsky yug lub Cuaj Hlis 12 (24), 1801 nyob hauv lub zos Pashennaya (xeev Poltava). Nws loj hlob hauv tsev neeg ntawm tus tswv av Vasily Ostrogradsky, uas los ntawm tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe.

Thaum yau thiab tub ntxhais hluas

Michael txoj kev nqhis dej rau txoj kev paub tau pib tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv nws lub sijhawm ntxov. Nws tau xav tshwj xeeb hauv kev tshawb fawb txog ntuj.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Ostrogradsky tsis nyiam kawm nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv nce, uas tau coj los ntawm Ivan Kotlyarevsky - tus sau ntawm nto moo burlesque "Aeneid".

Thaum Mikhail muaj 15 xyoos, nws tau los ua haujlwm pub dawb, thiab ib xyoos tom qab nws tau los ua tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Physics thiab Ua lej ntawm Kharkov University.

Tom qab 3 xyoos, tus tub hluas tuaj yeem xeem dhau qhov kev sib tw nrog kev sib tw nrog kev hwm. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshaj lij hauv zej zog tau rhuav tshem daim ntawv pov thawj Ostrogradskiy ntawm cov neeg sib tw ntawm sciences thiab daim ntawv kawm tiav.

Qhov kev coj cwj pwm ntawm Kharkov xibfwb no tau cuam tshuam nrog nws qhov kev qhaj ntawv ntau dhau los ntawm chav kawm hauv Vajluskub. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tus txiv neej tau sab laug yam tsis muaj kev kawm tiav qib.

Ob peb xyoos tom qab, Mikhail Vasilyevich tawm mus rau Paris mus txuas ntxiv kev kawm ua lej.

Hauv Fab Kis cov peev txheej, Ostrogradsky kawm ntawm Sorbonne thiab Tsev Kawm Qib Siab Fab Kis. Qhov tseeb nthuav yog nws tau mus koom cov kev qhuab qhia los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb muaj koob npe xws li Fourier, Ampere, Poisson thiab Cauchy.

Kev tshawb fawb los ntawm haujlwm

Xyoo 1823, Mikhail tau pib ua haujlwm ua tus xibfwb ntawm Tsev Kawm Qib Siab ntawm Henry 4. Lub sijhawm ntawd ntawm nws phau ntawv sau txog keeb kwm, nws tau tshaj tawm cov haujlwm "Ntawm Kev Tshaj Tawm ntawm Vuam Ua Hluav Taws Xob hauv Lub Nroog Cylindrical Phiab", uas nws tau muab nthuav qhia rau nws cov phoojywg ua haujlwm Fab Kis rau kev txiav txim siab.

Kev ua haujlwm tau txais kev tshuaj xyuas zoo, vim tias Augustin Cauchy tau hais hauv qab no txog tus kws sau ntawv: "Tus txiv neej hluas Lavxias no muaj txiaj ntsig nrog kev pom zoo thiab muaj kev paub zoo."

Xyoo 1828 Mikhail Ostrogradsky rov qab los rau nws lub tebchaws uas muaj Fabkis daim ntawv kawm tiav thiab yog lub koob npe nrov li tus kws tshawb fawb.

Ob xyoos tom qab, tus kws tshaj lij raug xaiv tau ib tug kws tshaj lij ntawm St. Petersburg Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb. Xyoo tom ntej nws yuav dhau los ua Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Paris Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb, koom nrog Asmeskas, Roman thiab lwm cov kev kawm.

Nyob hauv keeb kwm xyoo 1831-1862. Ostrogradsky yog tus thawj coj ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Cov Hluav Taws Xob ntawm Lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Corps ntawm Railway Engineers. Ntxiv rau nws lub luag haujlwm ncaj qha, nws txuas ntxiv sau ntawv cov haujlwm tshiab.

Thaum lub caij ntuj no xyoo 1838, Mikhail Vasilyevich tau los ua tus pab tswv yim tsis pub lwm tus thib 3, uas tau muab piv nrog tus pabcuam lossis tus tswv xeev.

Mikhail tau paub txog kev ua lej, algebra, kev kwv yees kev kwv yees, kev siv tshuab, kev xav ntawm cov hlau nplaum thiab cov kev xav ntawm cov lej. Nws yog tus sau txoj hauv kev rau kev los sib xyaw ua ke.

Hauv physics, tus kws tshawb fawb tseem mus txog qhov siab ntau. Nws muab cov mis tseem ceeb los hloov ua ntim kom zoo rau ib qhov tseem ceeb sab nraud.

Tsis ntev ua ntej nws txoj kev tuag, Ostrogradskiy luam tawm phau ntawv uas nws tau sau txog nws lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev sib npaug ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev hloov pauv.

Txoj kev cai pedagogical

Thaum Ostrogradsky muaj lub koob npe zoo li yog ib tus neeg muaj peev xwm tshaj lij tshaj plaws hauv Lavxias, nws tau pib tsim dav hauv kev qhia thiab kev ua si hauv St. Petersburg.

Tus txiv neej yog ib tug xibfwb ntawm ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv. Tau ntau xyoo nws yog tus saib xyuas kev qhia lej hauv tsev kawm ntawv tub rog.

Qhov tseeb nthuav tawm yog tias thaum ua haujlwm ntawm Nikolai Lobachevsky poob rau hauv Ostrogradsky txhais tes, nws thuam lawv.

Txij xyoo 1832, Mikhail Vasilyevich tau qhia kev ua lej siab dua, kev ntsuas khoom hauv lub ntiaj teb thiab theoretical mechanics ntawm Main Pedagogical Institute. Vim li ntawd, ntau ntawm nws cov thwjtim tau dhau los ua cov kws tshawb fawb muaj koob npe nyob rau yav tom ntej.

Xyoo 1830, Ostrogradsky lossis tus npoj yaig Bunyakovsky tau qhia txhua hom kev kawm ua lej nyob rau hauv tus tub ceev xwm chav tub ceev xwm.

Txij lub sijhawm ntawd, dhau 30 xyoo, txog thaum nws tuag, Mikhail Vasilievich yog tus neeg muaj suab npe nyob hauv Lavxias lej kev ua lej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws qee qhov pab txhim kho cov xibfwb qhia ntawv.

Nws yog qhov xav paub tias Ostrogradsky yog tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm cov menyuam yaus ntawm Emperor Nicholas 1.

Xyoo dhau los thiab tuag

Raws li qee qhov chaw, hauv nws lub xyoo tsawg zuj zus, Ostrogradsky tau xav paub txog kev ntseeg sab ntsuj plig. Nws yog tsim nyog teev cia tias nws yog-ib-tus.

Kwv yees li rau lub hlis ua ntej txoj kev tuag ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb, muaj ib qho mob rwj ntawm nws sab nraub qaum, uas tau tawm mus ua cov qog nqaij hlav sai sai. Nws tau raug phais, tab sis nws tsis pab cawm nws ntawm kev tuag.

Mikhail Vasilievich Ostrogradsky tuag rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 20, 1861 (Lub Ib Hlis 1, 1862) thaum muaj hnub nyoog 60 xyoo. Nws raug coj mus faus rau hauv nws haiv neeg lub zos, raws li nws hais kom cov neeg nws hlub.