Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov (1845-1916) - Lavxias thiab Fabkis biologist biologist (microbiologist, cytologist, embryologist, immunologist, physiologist thiab pathologist). Laureate ntawm Nobel nqi zog nyob rau hauv Physiology los yog tshuaj (1908).
Ib qho ntawm cov neeg tsim ntawm evolutionary embryology, qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm phagocytosis thiab kev zom plab plab, tus tsim ntawm kev sib piv pathology ntawm o, kev tshawb nrhiav phagocytic ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob, kev tshawb xav ntawm phagocytella, thiab tus tsim ntawm kev tshawb fawb gerontology.
Muaj ntau cov ntsiab lus nthuav dav hauv keeb kwm ntawm Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, uas peb yuav tham txog hauv tsab xov xwm no.
Yog li, ua ntej koj yog luv luv biography ntawm Ilya Mechnikov.
Biography ntawm Mechnikov
Ilya Mechnikov yug rau lub Tsib Hlis 3 (15), 1845 hauv lub zos Ivanovka (xeev Kharkov). Nws loj hlob hauv tsev neeg ntawm ib tus neeg pabcuam thiab tus tswv av, Ilya Ivanovich, thiab nws tus pojniam Emilia Lvovna.
Ntxiv rau Ilya, nws niam nws txiv muaj plaub tus menyuam ntxiv.
Thaum yau thiab cov hluas
Ilya tau loj hlob hauv tsev neeg nplua nuj. Nws niam yog tus ntxhais ntawm tus neeg nplua nuj ntawm cov neeg Yudais cov nyiaj txiag thiab sau ntawv, uas tau raug suav hais tias yog tus tsim ntawm hom ntawv "Lavxias-Jewish ntawv", Lev Nikolaevich Nevakhovich.
Mechnikov txiv yog tus txiv neej twv txiaj. Nws poob tag nrho nws tus poj niam lub taub hau, uas yog vim li cas tsev neeg puas tsuaj tau tsiv mus rau hauv tsev neeg cov qub txeeg qub teg hauv Ivanovka.
Raws li ib tug menyuam, Ilya thiab nws cov kwv tij thiab cov muam tau raug qhia los ntawm cov mus qhia tom tsev. Thaum tus menyuam tub muaj 11 xyoo, nws nkag mus hauv qib 2 ntawm Kharkov tus txiv neej kislas.
Mechnikov tau txais qhov qhab nia siab hauv txhua qhov kev qhuab qhia, vim qhov kev txiav txim siab nws kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm theem siab nrog kev hwm.
Nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawv keeb kwm, Ilya tau xav paub tshwj xeeb ntawm biology. Tom qab kawm tiav ntawm tsev kawm theem siab, nws txuas ntxiv nws cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm Kharkov University, qhov chaw nws mloog zoo siab rau kev qhuab qhia ntawm kev sib piv lub cev thiab lub cev.
Qhov tseeb nthuav ntawd tus tub ntxhais kawm muaj peev xwm kawm tau cov ntaub ntawv kawm tsis yog nyob hauv 4 xyoos, tab sis tsuas yog 2 xyoos.
Kev kawm
Tom qab kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm qib siab, Mechnikov siv sijhawm qee lub sijhawm nyob rau hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, uas nws tau tshwj xeeb nrog German zoologists Rudolf Leuckart thiab Karl Siebold.
Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 20, Ilya tau tawm mus rau Ltalis. Nyob ntawd nws tau paub zoo txog tus biologist Alexander Kovalevsky.
Ua tsaug rau qhov kev sib koom tes ua ke, cov tub ntxhais hluas cov kws tshawb fawb tau txais Karl Baer yam khoom plig rau qhov nrhiav pom ntawm embryology.
Rov qab los tsev, Ilya Ilyich tiv thaiv nws tus tswv lub ntsiab, thiab tom qab ntawd nws cov lus qhuab qhia rau kev kawm. Lub sijhawm ntawd nws nyuam qhuav muaj 25 xyoo.
Xyoo 1868 Mechnikov tau los ua tus pab xibfwb hauv Novorossiysk University. Lub sijhawm ntawd hauv nws phau ntawv keeb kwm, nws twb tau txais lub meej mom zoo nrog nws cov npoj yaig.
Qhov kev tshawb pom los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb tau nyob deb ntawm kev lees paub tam sim ntawd los ntawm lub zej zog scientific, txij li Mechnikov lub tswv yim tig rov qab feem ntau lees txais cov cai feem ntau hauv thaj teb ntawm tib neeg lub cev.
Nws yog qhov xav paub tias txawm tias txoj kev xav ntawm phagocytic kev tiv thaiv, rau qhov uas Ilya Ilyich tau txais qhov khoom plig Nobel xyoo 1908, feem ntau raug thuam thuam.
Ua ntej qhov pom ntawm Mechnikov, leukocytes tau suav hais tias yog passive hauv kev sib ntaus tawm tsam cov txheej txheem mob thiab mob ailments. Nws kuj tau hais tias cov qe ntshav dawb, ntawm lub luag haujlwm, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv lub cev, rhuav tshem cov khoom phom sij.
Tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm Lavxias tau ua pov thawj tias qhov kub nce ntxiv tsis muaj dab tsi tshaj li qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, yog li ntawd, nws tsuas yog tsis tso cai coj nws nqis mus rau ib theem.
Xyoo 1879 Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov nrhiav tau ib txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev zom plab zom mov - kev tiv thaiv phagocytic (lub cev). Raws li qhov kev tshawb pom no, nws tau tsim ib txoj kev siv roj ntsha rau kev tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag los ntawm ntau yam cab.
Xyoo 1886, tus neeg ua tsiaj txhu rov qab mus rau nws lub tebchaws, nyob hauv Odessa. Tsis ntev nws tau pib sib koom tes nrog Fab Kis Tus Kws Tshawb Fawb Fab Kis Nicholas Gamaleya, uas nws tau kawm tiav hauv Louis Pasteur.
Ob peb hlis tom qab, cov kws tshawb fawb tau qhib lub chaw nres tsheb bacteriological thoob ntiaj teb thib 2 kom tua tau cov kab mob sib kis.
Xyoo tom qab, Ilya Mechnikov tawm mus rau Paris, qhov chaw uas nws tau txais haujlwm ntawm Pasteur Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv. Qee tus neeg sau phau ntawv ntseeg hais tias nws tau tawm ntawm Lavxias vim kev ua yeeb ncuab rau cov tub ceev xwm thiab nws cov npoj yaig.
Nyob rau hauv Fabkis, ib tug txiv neej tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv mus ua haujlwm ntawm kev tshawb pom tshiab, muaj txhua yam tsim nyog rau qhov no.
Lub sijhawm xyoo ntawd, Mechnikov sau cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm tus mob plague, mob ntsws, mob khaub thuas thiab raws plab. Tom qab, rau nws cov kev pabcuam zoo, nws tau tso cai ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub koom haum.
Nws tsim nyog pom tias Ilya Ilyich tau sib haum nrog Lavxias cov npoj yaig, suav nrog Ivan Sechenov, Dmitry Mendeleev thiab Ivan Pavlov.
Nws yog qhov nthuav tias Mechnikov tau xav tsis tsuas yog qhov tseeb kev kawm, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub tswvyim thiab kev ntseeg. Twb tau nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog laus, nws tau los ua tus tsim ntawm scientific gerontology thiab qhia lub tswv yim ntawm orthobiosis.
Ilya Mechnikov sib cav hais tias ib tus neeg lub neej yuav tsum ncav cuag 100 xyoo lossis ntau dua. Hauv nws lub tswv yim, ib tus neeg tuaj yeem ncua sijhawm nws lub neej los ntawm kev noj zaub mov kom raug, kev nyiam huv thiab kev pom zoo ntawm lub neej.
Tsis tas li ntawd, Mechnikov singled tawm plab hnyuv microflora ntawm cov yam cuam tshuam rau lub neej muaj hnub nyoog. Ob peb xyoos ua ntej nws tuag, nws tau luam tawm ib tsab xov xwm txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom noj muaj mis.
Tus kws tshawb fawb tau piav qhia nws lub tswv yim hauv kev nthuav dav hauv cov haujlwm "Kev Kawm ntawm Qhov Zoo Tshaj" thiab "Kev Kawm ntawm Tib Neeg Qhov".
Tus kheej lub neej
Ilya Mechnikov yog qhov kev xav thiab siab nyob hauv kev hloov pauv hloov pauv.
Hauv nws cov hluas, Ilya feem ntau poob rau hauv kev nyuaj siab thiab tsuas yog hauv nws lub hnub nyoog laus yog nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav kev sib raug zoo nrog xwm, thiab saib lub ntiaj teb zoo nyob ib puag ncig nws.
Mechnikov tau sib yuav ob zaug. Nws thawj tus poj niam yog Lyudmila Fedorovich, nrog tus neeg uas nws yuav txij nkawm xyoo 1869.
Qhov tseeb xav tau yog qhov nws tau xaiv, uas raug kev mob ntsws, nws tsis muaj zog heev thaum lub sijhawm tshoob nws yuav tsum zaum hauv lub rooj zaum tiag tes.
Tus kws tshawb fawb vam tias nws muaj peev xwm kho nws tus poj niam los ntawm kev mob phem, tab sis txhua yam nws sim ua tsis tiav. 4 xyoos tom qab noj tshoob tas, Lyudmila tuag.
Kev tuag ntawm nws tus hlub yog qhov kev ntaus mob rau Ilya Ilyich uas nws txiav txim siab los xaus nws lub neej. Nws coj tshuaj loj morphine, uas ua rau ntuav. Tsuas yog ua tsaug rau qhov no, tus txiv neej tseem nyob.
Qhov thib ob lub sijhawm, Mechnikov tau sib yuav Olga Belokopytova, uas yog 13 xyoo yau dua nws.
Thiab ib zaug ntxiv cov biologist xav tua tus kheej, vim yog muaj mob ntawm nws tus poj niam, uas tau ntes tus mob qog. Ilya Ilyich tau txhaj nws tus kheej nrog cov kabmob ntawm cov kabmob rov zoo.
Txawm li cas los xij, tau mob hnyav, nws tswj kom rov qab los, raws li, tseeb, nws tus poj niam.
Kev Tuag
Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov tuag hauv Paris lub Xya Hli 15, 1916 thaum muaj hnub nyoog 71 xyoo. Tsis ntev ua ntej nws tas sim neej, nws tau raug mob ntau lub siab.
Tus kws tshawb fawb tau tuav nws lub cev mus rau kev tshawb nrhiav kev kho mob, tom qab ntawd kev faus neeg thiab faus rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Pasteur Lub Koom Haum, uas tau ua tiav.
Mechnikov Duab
