Quotes los ntawm Janusz Korczak - qhov no yog lub tsev khaws khoom ntawm kev ntsia pom txoj kev xav ntawm tus kws qhia zoo ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab lawv lub neej. Ib qho yuav tsum tau nyeem rau cov niam txiv ntawm txhua lub hnub nyoog.
Janusz Korczak yog ib tus kws tshaj lij Polish, kws sau ntawv, kws kho mob thiab pej xeem. Nws tau mus rau hauv keeb kwm tsis yog ib tus kws qhia ntawv zoo xwb, tab sis kuj yog tus neeg uas ua haujlwm tau ua pov thawj pom nws txoj kev hlub tsis muaj qhov kawg rau menyuam yaus. Nws tshwm sim thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Thib Ob, thaum nws yeem mus rau qhov chaw siab nyob qhov twg, cov neeg nyob hauv nws "chaw tu menyuam ntsuag" raug xa mus rau kev rhuav tshem.
Qhov no zoo li txhua qhov tsis txaus ntseeg txij li Korczak tau txais kev ywj pheej ntau zaus, tab sis nws flatly tsis kam tawm hauv cov menyuam yaus.
Hauv cov ntawv tshaj tawm no, peb tau sau cov lus xaiv los ntawm tus kws qhia zoo, uas tuaj yeem pab koj rov qab xav dua koj txoj kev xav ntawm cov menyuam yaus.
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Ib qho ntawm tag nrho cov kev ua yuam kev yog xav tias pedagogy yog kev tshawb fawb txog tus menyuam thiab tsis yog hais txog tus neeg. Tus me nyuam kub siab, tsis nco qab txog nws tus kheej, ntaus; tus neeg laus, tsis nco qab txog nws tus kheej, raug tua. Qho khoom ua si twb lured deb ntawm ib tug me nyuam dawb huv; ib tus neeg loj muaj kos npe ntawm daim nqi. Tus me nyuam tsis zoo rau lub kaum, muab rau nws rau phau ntawv sau, yuav khoom qab zib; tus neeg laus poob tag nrho nws cov hmoov zoo ntawm daim npav. Tsis muaj menyuam yaus - muaj cov neeg, tab sis nrog cov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus, cov khw sib txawv ntawm cov kev paub, txawv cov tsav tsheb, kev ua si txawv ntawm txoj kev xav.
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Vim kev ntshai kev tuag yuav coj tus menyuam mus kom deb ntawm peb, peb coj tus menyuam tawm ntawm txoj sia mus; tsis xav kom nws tuag, peb tsis pub nws nyob.
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Nws yuav tsum yog dab tsi? Tus ntaus rog lossis cov neeg ua haujlwm nyuaj, tus thawj coj lossis tus kheej? Los sis tej zaum tsuas yog muaj kev zoo siab?
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Hauv txoj kev xav ntawm kev tu menyuam, peb feem ntau tsis nco qab tias peb yuav tsum qhia tus menyuam tsis yog kom zoo siab rau qhov tseeb xwb, tabsis tseem paub txog kev dag, tsis yog kom muaj kev hlub nkaus xwb, tsis yog rau kev ntxub xwb, tsis yog rau kev hwm nkaus xwb, tseem saib tsis taus, tsis yog pom zoo nkaus nkaus xwb, tabsis tseem yuav tsis pom zoo thiab. tab sis kuj tau ntxeev siab.
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Peb tsis muab Vajtswv rau koj, vim tias txhua yam ntawm koj yuav tsum pom Nws nyob rau hauv koj lub siab, peb tsis muab leej niam rau koj, vim koj yuav tsum nrhiav nws los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm koj lub siab thiab lub siab. Peb tsis muab kev hlub rau ib tug neeg, vim tias tsis muaj kev hlub yam tsis muaj kev zam txim, thiab kev zam txim yog kev ua haujlwm nyuaj, thiab txhua tus yuav tsum coj nws tus kheej. Peb muab rau koj ib qho - peb muab koj txoj kev xav rau lub neej zoo, uas tsis muaj nyob, tab sis qhov twg ib hnub yuav, rau lub neej hauv qhov tseeb thiab kev ncaj ncees. Thiab tej zaum qhov kev ntshaw no yuav coj koj mus rau Vajtswv, Niam thiab Txiv txoj kev hlub.
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Koj maj nrawm nrawm, - Kuv hais rau tus tub, - zoo, tsis ua li cas, sib ntaus, tsuas yog tsis nyuaj, npau taws, ib hnub ib zaug. Yog tias koj yuav, cov kab lus no muaj tag nrho cov qauv kev kawm uas kuv siv.
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Koj hais lus: "Cov menyuam yaus thawb peb"... Koj hais raug kawg. Koj piav qhia: “Peb yuav tsum nqes mus rau lawv lub tswv yim. Nqes mus, khoov dua, khoov rau siab, ntsws "... Koj hais tsis yog lawm! Qhov no tsis yog peb nkees nkees. Thiab los ntawm qhov tseeb uas koj xav tau kom sawv rau lawv txoj kev xav. Sawv, sawv ntsug ntawm tiptoe, ncab.
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Nws tsis cuam tshuam kuv, me lossis loj, thiab lwm tus hais dab tsi txog nws: zoo nraug, dab tuag, ntse, ruam; nws tsis txawm txhawj txog kuv seb nws yog tus tub ntxhais kawm tau zoo, zuj zus tshaj kuv lossis zoo dua; yog tus ntxhais ntsuag los yog tub. Rau kuv, ib tug neeg yog qhov zoo yog tias nws ua zoo rau tib neeg, yog tias nws tsis xav thiab tsis ua phem, yog tias nws ua siab zoo.
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Hwm, yog tias tsis nyeem, ntshiab, ntshiab, huv si tsis muaj mob!
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Yog tias ib tug neeg tuaj yeem suav txhua qhov kev txaj muag, kev tsis ncaj ncees thiab kev chim siab uas nws tau ntsib hauv nws lub neej, nws yuav tig tawm tias kev faib tawm ntawm cov tsov ntxhuav lawv poob ntawm lub neej "zoo siab" thaum me me.
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Txoj kev ua niam ua txiv niaj hnub kom me nyuam yuav tsum nyob taus. Ib kauj ruam zuj zus, nws ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau nws, rhuav nws, rhuav tshem txhua yam uas yog qhov yuav thiab kev ywj pheej ntawm tus menyuam, txoj kev npau taws ntawm nws tus ntsuj plig, lub zog ntawm nws qhov kev xav thiab kev xav.
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Txhua yam uas tau ua tiav los ntawm kev cob qhia, kev kub siab, kev ua phem yog yooj yim, tsis yog thiab ntseeg tsis tau.
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Cov menyuam yaus nyiam thaum lawv raug yuam me ntsis: nws yooj yim dua rau kev tawm tsam sab hauv, kev siv zog txuag - tsis tas yuav xaiv. Ua kom kev txiav txim siab yog sab sab. Qhov yuav tsum tau them tsuas yog nyob sab nraud, xaiv dawb hauv sab hauv.
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Tsis txhob cem cov neeg nyiam. Nws mob siab tshaj plaws. Cov neeg laus xav tias peb tsis nco qab yooj yim, peb tsis paub yuav ua li cas thiaj muaj kev ris txiaj. Tsis yog, peb nco ntsoov txog zoo. Thiab txhua yam kev hais ntxias, thiab txhua yam zoo. Thiab peb zam txim ntau yog tias peb pom kev ua siab zoo thiab lub siab dawb paug.
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Nws tsis yooj yim yog me me. Txhua lub sijhawm koj yuav tsum tsa koj lub taub hau ... Txhua yam tshwm sim qee qhov saum toj no, siab dua koj. Thiab koj xav tias koj tus kheej raug ploj, tsis muaj zog, tsis tseem ceeb. Tej zaum yog vim li cas peb thiaj xav sawv ntawm cov neeg laus thaum lawv zaum - qhov no yog qhov peb pom lawv lub qhov muag.
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Yog tias leej niam ua lub ntsej muag dub rau me nyuam nrog xav txog kev phom sij kom ua tiav kev mloog lus, kom nws siab tus, nyob ntsiag to, mloog lus thiab noj mov pw, nws yuav tom qab ua pauj kua zaub ntsuab, ua rau nws ntshai, thiab ua rau nws lub siab dub. Yuav tsis xav noj, yuav tsis xav pw, yuav thab, ua suab nrov. Ua me ntsis ntuj raug txim
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Thiab cov lus hais los ntawm Korczak no tsim nyog tshwj xeeb:
Tus neeg thov khawv muab cov nyiaj pub dawb raws li nws nyiam, tab sis tus me nyuam tsis muaj dab tsi ntawm nws tus kheej, nws yuav tsum lav ris txhua yam khoom tau txais rau kev siv tus kheej. Tsis tuaj yeem rhuav, tsoo, tsuas, pub, tsis pom zoo nrog saib tsis taus. Tus menyuam yuav tsum lees thiab txaus siab. Txhua yam ntawm lub sijhawm teem tseg thiab hauv qhov chaw teem sijhawm, ntse thiab raws li lub hom phiaj. Tej zaum yog vim li cas nws thiaj li txaus siab rau qhov tsis muaj nuj nqis uas ua rau peb xav tsis thoob thiab kev tu siab: ntau yam khoom qias tsuas yog tib qho khoom ntiag tug thiab kev nplua nuj - lub ntsej muag, cov thawv, cov hlaws dai.
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Peb yuav tsum ceev faj kom tsis txhob yuam kev “zoo” nrog “yooj yim”. Nws quaj me ntsis, tsis sawv thaum tsaus ntuj, ntseeg, mloog lus - zoo. Capricious, qw rau qhov tsis pom tseeb, leej niam tsis pom qhov kaj vim yog nws - qhov tsis zoo.
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Yog tias peb faib tib neeg rau cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus, thiab lub neej mus rau menyuam yaus thiab neeg laus, nws hloov tawm tias menyuam yaus thiab menyuam yaus yog qhov loj heev ntawm tib neeg thiab lub neej. Tsuas yog thaum peb tsis khoom nrog peb cov kev txhawj xeeb, kev tawm tsam, peb tsis pom nws, ib yam li poj niam, txiv neej, cov qhev ua qhev thiab cov neeg tsis tau ceeb toom ua ntej. Peb tau npaj peb tus kheej kom cov menyuam yuav cuam tshuam nrog peb kom tsawg li sai tau, kom lawv yuav nkag siab qhov tsawg li sai tau seb peb yog leej twg thiab peb ua dab tsi tiag tiag.
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Txog tag kis, peb tsis quav ntsej txog qhov uas haum, nyiag plaub, ua kom zoo tsis txaus siab, npau taws, thiab nyob hauv tus menyuam hnub no. Rau qhov tag kis, uas nws tsis nkag siab, uas nws tsis xav tau, xyoo ntawm lub neej raug nyiag, ntau xyoo. Koj tseem yuav muaj sijhawm. Tos kom txog thaum koj loj los. Thiab tus menyuam xav tias: “Kuv tsis muaj dab tsi. Tsuas yog cov laus yog ib yam xwb. " Kev tos thiab mob siab cuam tshuam ib hnub dhau ib hnub, tos thiab tso plhuav, tos thiab zais, tos thiab nqos cov qaub ncaug. Ib tug zoo thaum yau? Tsis yog, nws yog kev dhuav, thiab yog tias muaj lub sijhawm zoo hauv nws, lawv yeej yeej rov qab, thiab ntau zaus ntau dua li tsis raug nyiag.
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Luag ntxhi ntawm ib tug menyuam yaus - koj cia siab tias muaj kev luag nyav rov qab. Qhia tej yam ntxim nyiam - koj cia siab tias yuav muaj. Yog koj chim, cov menyuam yuav tsum npau taws. Qhov no txhais tau tias koj tau txais cov lus teb ib txwm coj mus rau kev ua voos. Thiab nws tseem yuav tshwm sim lwm txoj hauv kev: tus me nyuam reacts paradoxically. Koj muaj cai xav tsis thoob, koj yuav tsum xav, tab sis tsis txhob npau taws, tsis txhob cem.
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Hauv qhov kev xav tau tiag tiag, nws hla peb, vim nws tsis paub tus brakes. Hauv thaj tsam ntawm kev txawj ntse, tsawg kawg yog sib npaug rau peb. Nws muaj txhua yam. Nws tsuas yog tsis muaj kev paub. Yog li ntawd, ib tus neeg laus yog li ntawd feem ntau yog menyuam yaus, thiab tus menyuam yog tus neeg laus. Qhov txawv tsuas yog nws tsis tau nws txoj sia, uas, nyob hauv peb txoj kev txhawb nqa, nws raug yuam kom ua raws li peb cov kev xav tau.
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Hauv kuv cov lus qhia, hauv kuv, cia peb hais, tus xibfwb cov khoom pabcuam thawj zaug, muaj ntau yam txhais tau tias: me ntsis thiab cem me me, cem thiab hnia, txawm tias lub taub dej muaj zog heev.
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Tsis tas li ib qho amazing sib sib zog nqus los ntawm Janusz Korczak:
Peb zais qhov peb tsis ua thiab ua raws li qhov tsim nyog rau txim. Cov menyuam yaus tsis muaj cai thuam thiab pom peb cov yam ntxwv lom zem, qhov tus cwj pwm phem, lub ntsej muag luag. Peb tsim peb tus kheej los ua neeg zoo tag nrho. Nyob rau hauv kev hem thawj ntawm qhov ua txhaum cai siab tshaj plaws, peb tiv thaiv cov lus zais ntawm cov chav txiav txim, cov tsev neeg ntawm kev xaiv - cov neeg uas koom nrog hauv qhov khoom plig ntau tshaj. Tsuas yog tus menyuam yaus tuaj yeem raug lub cev txaj muag thiab muab tso rau hauv ncoo. Peb ua si nrog cov menyuam yaus nrog cov npav cim; Peb ntaus qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm me nyuam yaus nrog kev paub ntawm cov laus Tus suav, peb dhia cov phaib xws li qhov tawm tsam qhov tsis zoo hauv cov menyuam yaus nrog yam uas zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig hauv peb.
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Thaum twg tus menyuam yuav tsum taug kev thiab tham? - Thaum nws mus kev thiab hais lus. Thaum twg yuav tsum tau txiav cov hniav? - Thaum lawv txiav. Thiab lub crown yuav tsum tau overgrown tsuas yog thaum nws yog overgrown.
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Nws yog kev ua txhaum ua rau yuam cov menyuam yaus pw tsaug zog thaum lawv tsis xav zoo li nws. Cov lus qhia txog cov xuab moos uas tus menyuam xav tau ntau xuab moos tsis txaus.
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Tus me nyuam yog neeg txawv teb chaws, nws tsis nkag siab cov lus, tsis paub txog txoj kev coj, tsis paub kev cai thiab kab lis kev cai.
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Nws yog tus paub cai, mloog lus, zoo, xis - tab sis tsis muaj ib qho kev xav ntawm sab hauv tsis muaj zog-willed thiab tseem ceeb tsis muaj zog.
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Kuv tsis tau paub tias tus me nyuam nco qab zoo li, tos ntev ntev.
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Lub qhov rooj yuav qog qhov ntiv tes, lub qhov rais yuav tawm thiab ntog tawm, pob txha yuav txhawm chim, lub rooj zaum yuav khob rau ntawm nws tus kheej, rab riam yuav txiav nws tus kheej, ib rab pas yuav xuas qhov muag tawm, lub thawv yuav nqa tawm hauv av yuav kis tau tus mob, ntais ntawv yuav hlawv. “Koj yuav rhuav koj sab caj npab, lub tsheb yuav khiav hla, tus dev ntawd tom. Tsis txhob noj plums, tsis txhob haus dej, tsis txhob mus ko taw, tsis txhob tiv tshav ntuj, khawm koj lub tsho, khi txoj phuam. Koj pom, nws tsis mloog kuv ... Saib: neeg ceg tawv, tab sis dig muag nyob ntawd. Cov txiv, ntshav! Leej twg muab koj txiab? " Qhov doog tsuas tsis tig los ua qhov tawv nqaij, tab sis qhov ntshai tsam mob caj pas, ntuav - tsis ua mob qog, tab sis yog qhov cim caws pliav. Cov ntxiab tau raug teeb tsa rau txhua qhov chaw, txhua yam phem thiab tsis zoo. Yog hais tias tus me nyuam ntseeg, tsis maj mam noj ib phaus ntawm unripe plums thiab, kev dag ntxias niam txiv kev ceev faj, tsis muaj qhov sib phim qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw uas muaj kev paub nrog lub siab ntaus, yog tias nws mloog lus, mob siab rau, muaj kev cia siab rau qhov kev xav kom zam txhua yam kev sim, muab cov kev sim , kev siv zog, los ntawm txhua qhov kev cia siab ntawm, yuav nws ua dab tsi thaum hauv nws tus kheej, hauv qhov tob ntawm nws sab ntsuj plig, nws xav tias ib yam dab tsi ua rau nws mob, kub hnyiab, plev?
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Tsuas yog tsis lees paub qhov tsis lees paub thiab qhov zoo ntawm lub ntsej muag zoo tuaj yeem tso cai rau ib tus pom tias tus menyuam yaus muaj qee yam tshwj xeeb ntawm nws tus kheej, nws muaj lub siab kub hnyiab, txawj ntse, lub neej zoo thiab lub neej kev paub.
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Peb yuav tsum muaj lub siab xav nrog qhov zoo, qhov phem, neeg, tsiaj, txawm tias muaj ntoo thiab pob zeb tawg.
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Tus menyuam tseem tsis tau hais tawm. Nws yuav hais thaum twg? Qhov tseeb, kev hais lus yog qhov taw qhia ntawm tus menyuam txoj kev loj hlob, tab sis tsis yog tus kheej thiab tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb. Tos siab luv ntawm thawj kab lus yog pov thawj ntawm niam txiv tsis muaj pauv li kev kawm.
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Cov neeg laus tsis xav kom nkag siab tias menyuam yaus teb nrog kev hlub nrog kev hlub, thiab npau taws hauv nws tam sim ntawd ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam.
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