Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky - Tus kws tshaj lij Lavxias-naturalist, tus kws paub txog, biologist, mineralogist thiab tus naj npawb rau pej xeem. Neeg Kawm Txuj Ci ntawm St. Petersburg Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb. Ib tug ntawm cov founders ntawm Ukrainian Academy ntawm Sciences, raws li zoo li tus tsim ntawm kev kawm ntawm biogeochemistry. Ib qho zoo tshaj sawv cev ntawm Lavxias cosmism.
Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav rov qab piav txog phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Vladimir Vernadsky, nrog rau cov lus pom tseeb tshaj plaws los ntawm lub neej ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb lub neej.
Yog li, ua ntej koj yog phau ntawv luv luv ntawm Vernadsky.
Biography ntawm Vernadsky
Vladimir Vernadsky yug xyoo 1863 hauv St. Petersburg. Nws loj hlob thiab raug coj los rau hauv tsev neeg ntawm tus neeg ua haujlwm thiab kev paub keeb kwm Cossack Ivan Vasilyevich.
Thaum lub sijhawm yug nws tus tub, Vernadsky Sr. tau qhia txog kev lag luam hauv tsev kawm qib siab, yog nyob hauv qib ntawm tus kws tshaj lij ntawm tsoomfwv.
Vladimir niam, Anna Petrovna, los ntawm tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe. Ntev dhau los, tsev neeg tsiv mus rau Kharkov, uas yog ib lub chaw tshawb fawb thiab kab lis kev cai loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia.
Thaum yau thiab cov hluas
Vernadsky siv sijhawm thaum yau (1868-1875) hauv Poltava thiab Kharkov. Xyoo 1868, vim tias huab cua tsis zoo ntawm St. Petersburg, Vernadsky tsev neeg tau tsiv mus rau Kharkov - yog ib lub chaw tshaj lij science thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm Lavxias.
Raws li ib tug me nyuam tub, nws tau mus xyuas Kiev, nyob hauv ib lub tsev ntawm Lipki, qhov chaw uas nws pog, Vera Martynovna Konstantinovich, nyob thiab tuag.
Xyoo 1973, Vladimir Vernadsky nkag mus hauv Kharkov chav ncaws pob, uas nws kawm txog 3 xyoos. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no ntawm nws li ntawv keeb kwm, nyob hauv qab ntawm nws txiv, nws tau tshaj tawm cov lus Polish hauv kev kawm txhawm rau kawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv hais txog Ukraine.
Xyoo 1876 Vernadsky tsev neeg rov qab mus rau St. Petersburg, qhov chaw uas tus tub hluas kawm txuas ntxiv ntawm qhov chaw xyaum ua kis las hauv zos. Nws tswj kom tau txais kev kawm zoo tshaj plaws. Tus txiv neej hluas ntawd tuaj yeem nyeem hauv 15 yam lus.
Hauv lub sijhawm no, Vladimir Vernadsky tau xav txog lub tswvyim, keeb kwm thiab kev ntseeg.
Qhov no yog thawj kauj ruam ntawm tus tub ntxhais hluas ntawm txoj kev mus rau kev paub ntawm Lavxias cosmism.
Biology thiab lwm yam kev kawm
Nyob hauv keeb kwm xyoo 1881-1885. Vernadsky kawm nyob rau ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Haujlwm Natural Science ntawm St. Petersburg University. Qhov tseeb xav tau yog tias Dmitry Mendeleev nto moo ntawm nws cov kws qhia.
Thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntawm 25, Vernadsky tau tawm mus ua haujlwm hauv Tebchaws Europe, tau siv sijhawm li 2 xyoos rau ntau lub tebchaws. Nyob hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, Ltalis thiab Fabkis, nws tau txais ntau theoretical thiab cov tswv yim kev paub, tom qab ntawd nws rov qab los tsev.
Thaum nws tsuas yog 27 xyoo, nws tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj coj ntawm chav haujlwm Mineralogy ntawm Moscow University. Tom qab ntawd, lub siab tswj hwm los tiv thaiv nws cov lus qhuab qhia rau lub ntsiab lus: "Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev swb ntawm cov teeb meem crystalline." Yog li ntawd, nws tau los ua tus xibfwb ntawm mineralogy.
Vernadsky ua haujlwm ua tus xibfwb rau ntau tshaj 20 xyoo. Lub sijhawm no nws taug kev ntau zaus. Nws tau mus rau ntau lub nroog Lavxias thiab txawv teb chaws, kawm geology.
Xyoo 1909, Vladimir Ivanovich tau tshaj tawm cov lus qhia ci ntsa iab ntawm Lub Rooj Sab Laj Thib 12 ntawm Naturalists, uas nws tau hais qhia cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov zaub mov hauv cov plab hnyuv ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, ib qho kev tshawb fawb tshiab tau tsim - geochemistry.
Vernadsky nqa tawm kev ua haujlwm zoo heev hauv thaj av ntawm mineralogy, tau ua ib qho kev hloov hauv nws. Nws cais cov mineralogy los ntawm crystallography, qhov uas nws txuas thawj zaug science nrog lej thiab physics, thiab lub thib ob nrog chemistry thiab geology.
Raws li qhov no, Vladimir Vernadsky paub zoo txog lub tswv yim, kev ua nom ua tswv thiab lub radioactivity ntawm cov ntsiab lus nrog kev txaus siab. Txawm hais tias ua ntej koom nrog St. Petersburg Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb, nws tau tsim tsa ib Pawg Neeg Radium, uas yog tsom rau kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kawm cov zaub mov.
Xyoo 1915, Vernadsky sau lwm txoj haujlwm, uas yog tshawb xyuas lub xeev cov khoom nyoos. Nyob ib ncig ntawm tib lub sijhawm, nws tau pab txhim kho cov khoom siv dawb rau cov neeg txom nyem.
Mus txog xyoo 1919, tus kws tshawb fawb yeej yog tus koom nrog pawg Cadet, ua raws li cov kev xav kev ywj pheej. Vim li no, nws raug yuam kom tawm mus rau txawv teb chaws tom qab lub npe nrov nrov Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj Kev Tawm Tsam tau tshwm sim hauv tebchaws.
Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1918, Vernadsky thiab nws tsev neeg nyob hauv Ukraine. Tsis ntev nws nrhiav tau lub Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, dhau los ua nws tus thawj tswj hwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus xibfwb tau qhia txog geochemistry ntawm Tauride University of Crimea.
Tom qab 3 xyoos Vernadsky rov qab los Petrograd. Tus kws tshaj lij tau raug tsa ua thawj coj ntawm lub chaw haujlwm huab cua ntawm Mineralogical Museum. Tom qab ntawd nws sib sau ua ke qhov kev ntoj ke mus tshwj xeeb, uas tau koom rau hauv kev kawm txog Tunguska lub hnub qub ya.
Txhua yam mus zoo kom txog thaum lub caij thaum Vladimir Ivanovich raug liam ntawm espionage. Nws raug ntes thiab muab tso rau tom qab. Hmoov zoo, ua tsaug rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm ntau tus neeg muaj suab npe, tus kws tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm.
Nyob hauv keeb kwm xyoo 1922-1926. Vernadsky tau mus xyuas qee lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe, uas nws nyeem nws cov lus qhuab qhia. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau koom nrog hauv kev sau ntawv. Los ntawm nyob rau hauv nws tus cwj mem xws li "Geochemistry", "Kev Nyob Hauv Lub Neej" thiab "Autotrophy of Humanity" tau embroidered.
Xyoo 1926, Vernadsky tau dhau los ua lub taub hau ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Radium, thiab tseem tau raug xaiv ua lub taub hau ntawm ntau lub zej zog science. Raws li nws cov kev coj ua, hauv dej hauv av, permafrost, pob zeb, thiab lwm yam tau tshawb xyuas.
Xyoo 1935, Vladimir Ivanovich kev noj qab haus huv tsis zoo, thiab ntawm kev pom zoo ntawm kws kho plawv, nws txiav txim siab mus txawv teb chaws rau kev kho mob. Tom qab kho, nws ua haujlwm rau qee lub sijhawm hauv Paris, London thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees. Ob peb xyoos ua ntej nws tuag, tus xibfwb tau taw qhia rau lub uranium commission, tseem ceeb los ua tus tsim USSR lub phiaj xwm nuclear.
Noosphere
Raws li Vladimir Vernadsky, lub biosphere yog kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo. Tom qab ntawd nws tau los rau kev teeb tsa thiab lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub sij hawm noosphere, hloov kho vim yog tib neeg txoj kev ntawm biosphere.
Vernadsky txhawb kev ua zoo xav ntawm tib neeg, tswj ob qho tib si ntawm kev xav tau qhov tseem ceeb thiab ntawm kev tsim kev sib npaug thiab kev sib haum xeeb ntawm xwm. Nws tau hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kawm lub ntiaj teb, thiab tseem tham txog txoj hauv kev los txhim kho lub ecology ntawm lub ntiaj teb.
Hauv nws cov lus sau, Vladimir Vernadsky tau hais tias lub neej yav tom ntej zoo rau tib neeg yog nyob ntawm kev ua tib zoo ua kom muaj kev sib raug zoo thiab lub xeev lub neej raws li kev tsim kho thiab kev nce qib.
Tus kheej lub neej
Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 23, Vladimir Vernadsky sib yuav Natalia Staritskaya. Ua ke, cov txij nkawm tau tswj lub neej nyob ntev 56 xyoo, txog thaum tuag ntawm Staritskaya xyoo 1943.
Hauv lub koomhaum no, nkawm niam txiv muaj tub Georgy thiab ib tug ntxhais Nina. Yav tom ntej, Georgy dhau los ua tus kws tshaj lij tshwj xeeb hauv kev paub txog keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias, thaum Nina ua haujlwm ua tus kws kho hlwb.
Kev Tuag
Vladimir Vernadsky ua rau nws tus pojniam tau 2 xyoos. Hnub ntawm nws txoj kev tuag, tus kws tshawb fawb tau muab cov ntawv sau cia no rau hauv nws phau ceev xwm txheej: "Kuv tshuav nqi txhua yam zoo hauv kuv lub neej rau Natasha." Qhov uas tus poj niam tau xiam nws puas ua rau tus txiv neej noj qab haus huv.
Ob peb xyoos ua ntej nws txoj kev tuag, xyoo 1943, Vernadsky tau txais qhov khoom plig Theem 1 Stalin. Xyoo tom qab ntawd, nws tau mob nyhav ntshav hnyav, tom qab ntawd nws tau nyob 12 hnub ntxiv.
Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky tuag rau lub Ib Hlis 6, 1945 thaum muaj hnub nyoog 81 xyoo.
