Sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv dej khov lossis kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub pas dej Peipsi - qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua uas tau tshwm sim rau ntawm cov dej khov ntawm Pas dej Peipsi thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 5 (Plaub Hlis 12) 1242 nrog kev koom tes ntawm Izhora, Novgorodians thiab Vladimirs, coj los ntawm Alexander Nevsky, ntawm ib sab, thiab cov tub rog ntawm Livonian Order, ntawm lwm qhov.
Sib ntaus sib tua rau hauv dej khov yog ib qho ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua nto moo tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm Lavxias. Yog tias cov tub rog Lavxias tau swb rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, keeb kwm Lavxias yuav muaj kev coj txawv txawv.
Npaj ua rog
Tom qab lub Swedes tau plam Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Neva ob xyoos dhau los, Kev Tshaj Lij Rau German tau pib npaj ntau rau kev ua tub rog. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias rau qhov Teutonic Order tau faib qee cov tub rog.
4 xyoos ua ntej pib kev sib tw tub rog, Dietrich von Grüningen tau raug xaiv los ua tus tswv ntawm lub Livonian Order. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov keeb kwm ntseeg tias nws yog nws leej twg pib txoj kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam Russia.
Ntawm lwm yam, cov neeg ntxeev siab tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm Pope Gregory 9, uas tau npaj lub rooj txhawb siab tawm tsam Finland hauv 1237. Ob peb xyoos tom qab, Gregory 9 tau hu xov tooj rau Lavxias tus thawj coj kom ua raws li cov lus qhia hauv ciam teb.
Los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, cov tub rog Novgorodian twb muaj kev paub dhau los ua tub rog nrog cov neeg German. Alexander Nevsky, nkag siab txog cov haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ntxeev siab, txij li 1239 tau koom nrog ntxiv dag zog rau txoj haujlwm raws tag nrho txoj kab ntawm cov ciam teb sab qab teb sab hnub poob, tab sis cov Swedes tau khiav tawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab hnub poob.
Tom qab lawv swb, Alexander txuas ntxiv rau niaj hnub kev sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv kev ua rog, thiab tseem sib yuav tus ntxhais ntawm Polotsk tus tub huab tais, yog li tau enlisting nws txoj kev txhawb nqa hauv kev ua tsov ua rog tom ntej. Xyoo 1240, cov neeg ntxeev siab mus rau Tebchaws Russia, raug ntes Izborsk, thiab xyoo tom ntej lawv tau tsuj rau Pskov.
Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1242, Alexander Nevsky tso Pskov los ntawm cov neeg German, thawb tus yeeb ncuab rov qab mus rau thaj tsam Lake Peipsi. Nws muaj nyob ntawd qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav yuav tshwm sim, uas yuav mus nyob hauv keeb kwm hauv qab lub npe - Kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv dej khov.
Txoj kev sib ntaus sib tua luv luv
Thawj qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg ntxeev siab thiab Lavxias pab tub rog tau pib rau lub Plaub Hlis 1242. Tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog German yog Andreas von Velven, uas muaj ib pab tub rog ntawm 11,000 ntawm nws qhov chaw pov tseg. Nyeg, Alexander muaj txog 16,000 tus tub rog uas muaj riam phom ntau dua.
Txawm li cas los xij, raws li lub sijhawm yuav qhia tau tias, cov mos txwv zoo yuav ua si lom zem nrog cov tub rog ntawm Livonian Order.
Txoj Kev Sib Ntaus Sib Ntaus nto moo ntawm dej khov tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 5, 1242. Thaum lub sijhawm tua, cov tub rog German mus rau tus yeeb ncuab "npua" - tshwj xeeb kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov mos liab thiab cavalry, nco txog ib qho tsis txaus ntshai. Nevsky xaj kom tua cov yeeb ncuab nrog cov hneev nti, tom qab ntawd nws tau yuam kom tawm tsam cov tub rog ntawm tus German.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov crusaders tau thawb mus tom ntej, pom lawv tus kheej ntawm cov dej khov ntawm lub pas dej Peipsi. Thaum cov neeg German tau tawm mus rau hauv dej khov, lawv pom qhov txaus ntshai ntawm qhov xwm txheej, tab sis nws lig dhau lawm. Hauv qab hnyav ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rog, cov dej khov pib pib tawg hauv qab tub rog txhais taw. Nws yog vim li no tias qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua no tau dhau los hu ua Battle of Ice.
Raws li tau txais, ntau tus neeg German tau poob rau hauv lub pas dej, tab sis tseem tshuav feem ntau ntawm Andreas von Velven cov tub rog tau tuaj yeem khiav tawm. Tom qab ntawd, pawg ntawm Nevsky, nrog kev sib raug zoo, tau tsav tus yeeb ncuab tawm ntawm thaj av ntawm Pskov tus thawj xibfwb.
Qhov tshwm sim thiab keeb kwm tseem ceeb ntawm Txoj kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv dej khov
Tom qab ib qho kev swb loj ntawm Lake Peipsi, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Livonian thiab Teutonic Order tau xaus lus sib tw nrog Alexander Nevsky. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv tau tshaj tawm txhua qhov kev thov rau thaj chaw ntawm Russia.
Qhov tseeb nthuav tawm yog tias tom qab 26 xyoo, Livonian Order yuav ua txhaum daim ntawv cog lus. Tus Tsov Rog Rakov yuav tshwm sim, nyob rau hauv uas cov tub rog Lavxias yuav rov qab yeej. Tsis ntev tom qab Kev Ua Tsov Rog Dej Nyab, Nevsky, tau siv lub sijhawm zoo, tau ua ntau txoj kev sib tw dhau los tiv thaiv cov neeg Lithuania.
Yog tias peb xav txog kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub pas dej Peipsi hauv cov ntsiab lus keeb kwm, tom qab ntawd lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Alexander tau yog tias nws tau tswj kom tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog uas muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm cov crusaders. Nws yog qhov xav paub txog lub tswv yim ntawm tus kws sau keeb kwm Lev Gumilyov hais txog qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua no.
Tus txiv neej tau sib cav hais tias yog tias cov German tuaj yeem nyob hauv tebchaws Russia, qhov no yuav ua rau qhov kawg ntawm nws cov hav zoov, thiab yog li, mus txog thaum kawg ntawm Lavxias yav tom ntej.
Lwm txoj kev pom ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub pas dej Peipsi
Vim tias cov kws tshawb fawb tsis paub tseeb qhov chaw ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, thiab tseem muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsis txaus ntshai, 2 lwm txoj kev xav tau tsim hais txog Kev Sib Tw Tawm Ntawm Cov Dej hauv 1242.
- Raws li ib qho kev piav qhia, Kev Sib Tw Dej Khov yeej tsis tshwm sim txhua, thiab txhua cov ntaub ntawv hais txog nws yog qhov tsim muaj ntawm cov keeb kwm uas tau nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm 18-19 centuries. Hauv kev tshwj xeeb, Soloviev, Karamzin thiab Kostomarov. Kuj muaj ob peb tus kws tshawb fawb tau ua raws li lub tswv yim no, txij li nws nyuaj rau qhov tsis kam lees qhov tseeb ntawm Kev Sib ntaus sib tua hauv dej khov. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb hais tias ib qho kev qhia luv luv ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tau pom nyob hauv cov ntawv sau yos txij thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th, raws li muaj nyob hauv cov lus dab neeg ntawm cov neeg German.
- Raws li lwm qhov tshiab, Kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv dej khov yog ntawm cov nplai me dua, vim tias muaj tsawg heev hais txog nws. Yog tias cov tub rog ntawm ntau txhiab leej tau los nyob ua ke, qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua yuav tau piav qhia zoo dua. Yog li, qhov kev sib cav sib ceg tau ntau me ntsis.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias yog tias tso cai los ntawm Lavxias keeb kwm tsis kam lees paub thawj daim ntawv, lawv muaj ib qho kev sib cav tseem ceeb txog qhov thib ob: txawm tias nplai ntawm qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua yog qhov kev tshaj tawm tiag, qhov no yuav tsum tsis muaj kev ploj zuj zus los ntawm Lavxias yeej txoj kev kov yeej.
Yees Duab ntawm Sib ntaus sib tua rau dej khov
